Sex Differences in Lifespan.
Sex Differences in Lifespan.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.019
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发表时间：
2016-06-14
期刊：
影响因子：
29
通讯作者：
Fischer KE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Austad SN;Fischer KE
寿命的性别差异可以为衰老的新机制提供新的见解，但它们很少被研究。令人惊讶的是，性别特异性长寿模式在野生动物中更为人所知。解释自然种群寿命模式的进化假说包括对环境危害的不同脆弱性、性选择的不同强度和父母照顾的不同模式。机制假说集中在性染色体和线粒体的不对称遗传。事实上，所有深入研究的物种都显示出长寿的条件性性别差异。人类是唯一一个已知的性别具有普遍生存优势的物种。奇怪的是，虽然妇女寿命较长，但她们的发病率较高，特别是在晚年。这种死亡率-发病率的矛盾可能是女性结缔组织对性激素反应更强的结果。人类女性的长寿优势可能是由于激素对炎症和免疫反应的影响，或者对氧化损伤的抵抗力更强;目前对这些机制的支持很弱。
Sex differences in longevity can provide insights into novel mechanisms of aging, yet they have been little studied. Surprisingly, sex-specific longevity patterns are better known in wild animals. Evolutionary hypotheses accounting for longevity patterns in natural populations include differential vulnerability to environmental hazards, differential intensity of sexual selection and distinct patterns of parental care. Mechanistic hypotheses focus on asymmetric inheritance of sex chromosomes and mitochondria. Virtually all intensively studied species show conditional sex differences in longevity. Humans are the only species in which one sex is known to have a ubiquitous survival advantage. Paradoxically, although women live longer, they suffer greater morbidity particularly late in life. This mortality-morbidity paradox may be a consequence of greater connective tissue responsiveness to sex hormones in women. Human females’ longevity advantage may result from hormonal influences on inflammatory and immunological responses, or greater resistance to oxidative damage; current support for these mechanisms is weak.