[Yield and chemical composition of the vegetal parts of the amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, L.) at different physiological stages].
[Yield and chemical composition of the vegetal parts of the amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, L.) at different physiological stages].
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不同生理阶段苋菜（Amaranthushypochondriacus,L.）植物部分的产量和化学成分[J].
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Bressani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alfaro Ma;A. Martínez;R. Ramírez;R. Bressani
苋属包括作为蔬菜食用的物种，为人类提供必需的营养素;它们在人群中也具有很高的可接受性。这两个因素证明有必要增加其种植。因此，本研究的目的是建立最适当的成熟生理状态，以收获供人类食用的叶子。田间试验采用随机区组设计，设3个处理，8个重复。这些处理包括在幼苗出苗后25、40和60天收获植物，样品用于评价：植物高度、叶数、叶表面积、毛重（叶和茎）、净重（叶）、绿色物质和干物质产量以及蛋白质。收获的材料的化学组成也进行了评估，在水分，蛋白质，粗纤维，醚提取物，灰分，碳水化合物，钙，磷，铁，β-胡萝卜素和脂肪酸。在农艺学研究中获得的结果进行方差分析，为各自的设计，与显着差异，发现治疗之间的所有变量的研究。反过来，化学分析的结果进行了分析，通过一个完全随机化的设计，获得了显着差异的大多数变量的研究，除了乙醚提取物，钙，铁和碳酸盐。从营养的角度来看，由于植物的化学成分，特别是蛋白质（29.5%），β-胡萝卜素（33.7 mg%），钙（2，356.1 mg%），磷（759.1 mg%）以及由于其粗纤维含量低，仅为11.1 g%，第一次收获是最可接受的。从农艺学的观点来看，情况并非如此，因为在这一阶段，获得的绿色物质（575.9 kg/ha）、干物质（66.6 kg/ha）和蛋白质（19.7 kg/ha）的产量非常低。在第二次收获时，除了获得足够的绿色物质产量外，（6 530.4公斤/公顷），干物质（681.8 kg/ha）和蛋白质154.3 kg/ha），其蛋白质含量为可接受的组合物还获得了β-胡萝卜素（22.7g %）、β-胡萝卜素（24.1mg %）、钙（2，279.8mg %）、磷（740.9mg %）和铁（52.7mg %）。另一方面，粗纤维含量没有过度增加（14.3g %），由此得出结论，与出苗后25天和60天进行的收获相比，这是收获的最佳阶段。最后，据观察，60天收获的绿色物质（24，272.8千克/公顷）、干物质（3，452.0千克/公顷）和蛋白质（510.7千克/公顷）产量最高。（400字处截断摘要）
The genus Amaranthus comprises species which, consumed as vegetables, provide essential nutrients to man; they also have a high acceptability among the population. These two factors justify the need to increase their cultivation. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to establish the most adequate physiological state of maturity, to harvest the leaves for human consumption. The field experiment utilized a randomized block design with three treatments and eight replications. These treatments consisted in harvesting the plants at 25, 40 and 60 days after emergence of the seedlings, samples which served to evaluate: plant height, number of leaves, leaf surface area, gross weight (leaves and stems), net weight (leaves), green matter and dry matter yield, as well as protein. The chemical composition of the harvested material was evaluated also in terms of moisture, protein, crude fiber, ether extract, ash, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, beta-carotene and oxalates. The results obtained in the agronomic study were subjected to analysis of variance for the respective design, with significant differences found between treatments for all the variables studied. In its turn, the results of the chemical analysis were analyzed by a completely randomized design, with significant differences obtained for most of the variables studied, except for ether extract, calcium, iron and oxalates. From the nutritional point of view, the first harvest was the most acceptable due to the chemical composition of the plant, in particular protein (29.5%), beta-carotene (33.7 mg%), calcium (2,356.1 mg%), phosphorus (759.1 mg%) and due to its low crude fiber content, only 11.1 g%. It did not occur so from the agronomic point of view, since during this stage, very low yields of green matter (575.9 kg/ha), dry matter (66.6 kg/ha) and protein (19.7 kg/ha) were obtained. At the second harvest, besides obtaining adequate yields of green matter (6,530.4 kg/ha), dry matter (681.8 kg/ha) and protein 154.3 kg/ha), an acceptable composition in its protein content (22.7 g%), beta-carotene (24.1 mg%), calcium (2,279.8 mg%), phosphorus (740.9 mg%) and iron (52.7 mg%) was also obtained. The crude fiber content, on the other hand, was not excessively increased (14.3 g%), from which findings it was concluded that this is the best stage for harvesting, in comparison with the harvests carried out 25 and 60 days after emergence. Finally, it was observed that harvesting at 60 days gave the highest yields in green matter (24,272.8 kg/ha), dry matter (3,452.0 kg/ha) and protein (510.7 kg/ha).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)