Tsunamis generated by subaerial mass flows
Tsunamis generated by subaerial mass flows
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DOI：
10.1029/2001jb000707
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发表时间：
2003-05
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Walder;P. Watts;Oscar E. Sorensen;K. Janssen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Walder;P. Watts;Oscar E. Sorensen;K. Janssen
[1]陆上物质流在湖泊和水库中产生的海啸对灾害评估提出了独特的问题，因为感兴趣的领域通常是“近场”，超出复杂飞溅区，但足够接近波传播效应不占主导地位的源。水波动方程的尺度分析表明，近场波的振幅和波长应取决于一定的质量流动力学和体积的措施。尺度分析促使一个成功的崩溃（在无量纲空间）的数据从两个不同的实验组与固体块“造波机”。对于一阶，波幅/水深是无量纲造波机行进时间与无量纲造波机单位宽度体积之比的简单函数。从以前的实验室调查与刚性和变形造波机的波幅数据遵循相同的趋势，在无量纲参数空间作为我们自己的数据。我们所有实验的特征波长/水深简单地与无量纲造波机行进时间成比例，其本身近似地由造波机长度/水深的简单函数给出。造波机的形状和刚度不影响波浪特征。应用振幅标度关系到几个历史事件产生“预测”近场波振幅与测量和观察合理的协议。总之，近场振幅，波长和淹没旅行时间的比例关系提供了计算波传播和危险评估所需的关键输入。
[1] Tsunamis generated in lakes and reservoirs by subaerial mass flows pose distinctive problems for hazards assessment because the domain of interest is commonly the “near field,” beyond the zone of complex splashing but close enough to the source that wave propagation effects are not predominant. Scaling analysis of the equations governing water wave propagation shows that near-field wave amplitude and wavelength should depend on certain measures of mass flow dynamics and volume. The scaling analysis motivates a successful collapse (in dimensionless space) of data from two distinct sets of experiments with solid block “wave makers.” To first order, wave amplitude/water depth is a simple function of the ratio of dimensionless wave maker travel time to dimensionless wave maker volume per unit width. Wave amplitude data from previous laboratory investigations with both rigid and deformable wave makers follow the same trend in dimensionless parameter space as our own data. The characteristic wavelength/water depth for all our experiments is simply proportional to dimensionless wave maker travel time, which is itself given approximately by a simple function of wave maker length/water depth. Wave maker shape and rigidity do not otherwise influence wave features. Application of the amplitude scaling relation to several historical events yields “predicted” near-field wave amplitudes in reasonable agreement with measurements and observations. Together, the scaling relations for near-field amplitude, wavelength, and submerged travel time provide key inputs necessary for computational wave propagation and hazards assessment.