Effects of lupin-wheat rotations on soil fertility, crop disease and crop yields
Effects of lupin-wheat rotations on soil fertility, crop disease and crop yields
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羽扇豆-小麦轮作对土壤肥力、作物病害和作物产量的影响
DOI：
10.1071/ea9840595
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Brooke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Reeves;A. Ellington;H. Brooke
1974 年至 1979 年间，在维多利亚州东北部连续几年开始了三项实验，以研究轮作小麦 (cv. Olympic) 和“甜”羽扇豆 (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest) 对作物产量、土壤肥力和作物病害的影响。连续小麦籽粒产量为 2.58 吨/公顷，连续羽扇豆产量为 0.66 吨/公顷（P<0.05）。在羽扇豆作物之后种植的小麦比继小麦之后种植的小麦多 750 公斤/公顷，在羽扇豆之后种植的第二季小麦产量比连续第三季小麦作物的产量高 420 公斤/公顷。在小麦之后种植羽扇豆，其产量比在羽扇豆之后种植的羽扇豆高出 50-165%。施用羽扇豆后小麦籽粒氮显着增加（P<0.01）。播种后十周，土壤矿质氮差异明显，小麦和羽扇豆的平均氮含量分别为 37 公斤/公顷和 55 公斤/公顷。在播种下一茬作物之前测量时，种植羽扇豆后的土壤矿质氮（0-20 厘米）始终高于小麦后的土壤矿质氮（P<0.01）。总体而言，羽扇豆下矿物氮的平均增长量为 4·1 千克/公顷年。在种植下一茬小麦作物后，羽扇豆的残留氮也很明显（平均 23 公斤/公顷）。轮作影响小麦和羽扇豆作物病害的发生。羽扇豆遭受了严重的褐斑病（Pleiochaeta setosa），高达 63% 的植物被感染，而小麦之后只有 18%。小麦中的病害发生率（主要是全麦酵母）从种植第一年的不到 1% 增加到第三年的 36%。当小麦在羽扇豆之后种植时，病害发生率可以忽略不计。
Three experiments, begun in successive years, were conducted between 1974 and 1979 in north-eastern Victoria to investigate the effects of rotating wheat (cv. Olympic) and 'sweet' lupins (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest) on crop yields, soil fertility and crop diseases. The grain yield of continuous wheat was 2.58 t/ha and of continuous lupins 0.66 t/ha (P<0.05). Wheat, grown after a lupin crop, yielded 750 kg/ha more than wheat after wheat, and a second wheat crop, after lupins, yielded 420 kg/ha more than a third successive wheat crop. Lupins, grown after wheat, yielded 50-165% more than lupins after lupins. Grain nitrogen of wheat was significantly increased after lupins (P<0.01). Differences in soil mineral nitrogen were apparent ten weeks after sowing, with mean nitrogen levels of 37 and 55 kg/ha under wheat and lupins, respectively. Soil mineral nitrogen (0-20 cm) was consistently greater after lupins than after wheat (P<0.01) when measured just before seeding the succeeding crop. Overall, mean accretion of mineral nitrogen under lupins was 4 1 kg/ha.year. Residual nitrogen from lupins, after one succeeding wheat crop had been grown, was also evident (mean 23 kg/ha). Crop rotation influenced the incidence of crop diseases in wheat and lupins. Lupins after lupins suffered severely from brown leaf spot (Pleiochaeta setosa), up to 63% of plants being infected compared with only 18% after wheat. Disease incidence (mainly Gaeumannomyces graminis) in wheat increased from less than 1% in the first year of cropping, to 36% infection in year 3. When wheat was grown after lupins, disease incidence was negligible.