A Sensitive Period for Song Acquisition in the Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia: A Case of Age‐limited Learning
A Sensitive Period for Song Acquisition in the Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia: A Case of Age‐limited Learning
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歌麻雀鸣声习得的敏感期，Melospiza melodia：年龄限制学习的一个案例
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Peters
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Marler;S. Peters
研究人员对雄性歌麻雀在生命第一年中声音学习时间的变化进行了研究。受试者在野外的巢中孵化，从 2-10 天龄开始在实验室饲养，并在 10-350 天龄期间每天接受两次录音歌曲辅导。导师歌曲经常更换。一半是同种鸣叫，一半是异种鸣叫（沼泽麻雀）。通过比较结晶歌曲与录音模型的分析来确定获取的时间，以获取模仿的证据。学习平均在 22 天时开始，并且主要集中在接下来的 40 天期间。偶尔有晚至 200 天才开始学习的情况。人们对同种歌曲有着强烈的偏好。敏感期早期获得的歌曲的模仿比敏感期后期获得的歌曲的模仿更加完整。在歌曲制作中，在不同时间获得的元素有时会脱离其原始上下文，并通过句法重新排列的过程与其他元素结合起来。通过以这种方式定义的敏感期，歌麻雀可以被描述为“年龄有限”的歌曲学习者，与“年龄无关”的学习者的物种形成鲜明对比。
Variation in the timing of vocal learning during the first year of life was studied in male song sparrows. Subjects were hatched in nests in the wild, reared in the laboratory from 2–10 days of age and tutored twice daily with tape-recorded songs from 10–350 days of age. Tutor songs were changed frequently. Half were conspecific and half heterospecific (swamp sparrow) songs. Timing of acquisition was determined by comparing analyses of crystallized songs with tape-recorded models for evidence of imitations. Learning began, on average, at 22 days of age and was heavily concentrated in the following 40-day period. Occasional cases of learning occurred as late as 200 days of age. There was a strong preference for conspecific songs. Imitations of songs acquired early in the sensitive period were more complete than those of songs acquired later. In song production, elements acquired at different times were sometimes detached from their original context and combined with others by a process of syntactical rearrangement. With the sensitive period defined in this manner, the song sparrow may be characterized as an “age-limited” song learner, as contrasted with species that are “age-independent” learners.