Identification of flavouring chemicals and potential toxicants in e-cigarette products in Ontario, Canada
Identification of flavouring chemicals and potential toxicants in e-cigarette products in Ontario, Canada
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DOI：
10.17269/s41997-019-00208-1
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Hammond, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Czoli, Christine D.;Goniewicz, Maciej L.;Hammond, David
目的本研究调查了加拿大市场上电子烟产品的成分，重点是安大略省。方法2015年1 - 2月，在加拿大安大略4个城市的80个零售点系统地购买电子烟。产品成分进行了鉴定，使用气相色谱和质谱。此外，烟草特有的亚硝胺（TSNAs）进行定量测试产品使用液相色谱串联质谱。共购买了166种电子烟产品，包括一次性产品（33%），可再填充产品（14%）和电子液体（53%）。总体而言，电子烟产品平均含有6.2种（SD = 3.6）香料化学物质。带有甜味的电子烟（例如，与烟草和薄荷味产品相比，甜点、酒精饮料）具有显著更多的调味化学品（P < 0.05）。大约五分之一（21%）的产品含有具有吸入毒性潜在风险的调味化学品（苯甲醇、苯甲醛、香草醛）。另外8种有毒物质（例如，丙烯醛、双乙酰），共在14种电子烟产品中检出。在70%的测试产品中检测到可测量水平的TSNA。结论在加拿大安大略购买的电子烟含有多种可能存在过度风险的成分，包括一些调味化学物质和致癌亚硝胺。需要进一步研究，以确定这些成分的水平是否对用户的风险程度有影响。研究结果揭示了几个政策差距，可以通过制定电子烟的监管产品标准和标签实践来解决。
Objectives The current study examined constituents of e-cigarette products on the Canadian market, with a focus on the province of Ontario. Methods E-cigarettes were systematically purchased at 80 retail outlets across 4 cities in Ontario, Canada, in January-February 2015. Product constituents were identified using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Additionally, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) were quantified in tested products using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Results A total of 166 e-cigarette products were purchased, including disposable products (33%), refillable products (14%), and e-liquids (53%). Overall, e-cigarette products had an average of 6.2 (SD = 3.6) flavouring chemicals. E-cigarettes with sweet flavours (e.g., desserts, alcoholic drinks) had a significantly greater number of flavouring chemicals when compared with tobacco- and menthol-flavoured products (p < 0.05). Approximately one fifth (21%) of products contained flavouring chemicals with potential risk of inhalation toxicity (benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, vanillin). An additional 8 toxicants (e.g., acrolein, diacetyl) were detected in a total of 14 e-cigarette products. Measurable levels of TSNAs were detected in 70% of tested products. Conclusion E-cigarettes purchased in Ontario, Canada, contained several constituents that may present excess risk, including some flavouring chemicals and carcinogenic nitrosamines. Further research is needed to determine whether the levels of these constituents have implications for the magnitude of risk to users. The findings reveal several policy gaps that may be addressed by developing regulatory product standards and labelling practices for e-cigarettes.