Interacting adaptive processes with different timescales underlie short-term motor learning.
Interacting adaptive processes with different timescales underlie short-term motor learning.
复制标题
与短期运动学习的不同时间尺度的自适应过程。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0040179
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发表时间：
2006-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Shadmehr, Reza
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, Maurice A;Ghazizadeh, Ali;Shadmehr, Reza
多个过程可能有助于运动技能的获得，但据认为，这些过程中的许多过程需要睡眠或长时间的推移，从几个小时到几天或几周。在这里，我们证明了在几分钟的时间尺度内，两个不同的快速反应过程驱动电机适应。一个过程对错误的反应较弱，但能很好地保留信息，而另一个过程反应强烈，但保留能力差。这个双态学习系统做出了令人惊讶的预测，如果在适应-消退训练片段之后错误反馈被箝位在零，则自发恢复（或适应反弹）。我们使用了一种新的范式，以实验证实这一预测在人类运动学习的达到，我们表明，在这个简单的两个状态系统的学习过程之间的相互作用提供了一个统一的解释几个不同的，显然无关的，运动适应的现象，包括储蓄，顺行干扰，自发恢复，和快速遗忘。我们的研究结果表明，运动适应依赖于至少两个不同的神经系统，具有不同的敏感性错误和保留信息在不同的利率。本研究提出了两个学习过程的证据，不同的时间课程，有助于运动技能的获得，这些过程之间的相互作用的计算模型，统一了大部分的文献在运动适应。
Multiple processes may contribute to motor skill acquisition, but it is thought that many of these processes require sleep or the passage of long periods of time ranging from several hours to many days or weeks. Here we demonstrate that within a timescale of minutes, two distinct fast-acting processes drive motor adaptation. One process responds weakly to error but retains information well, whereas the other responds strongly but has poor retention. This two-state learning system makes the surprising prediction of spontaneous recovery (or adaptation rebound) if error feedback is clamped at zero following an adaptation-extinction training episode. We used a novel paradigm to experimentally confirm this prediction in human motor learning of reaching, and we show that the interaction between the learning processes in this simple two-state system provides a unifying explanation for several different, apparently unrelated, phenomena in motor adaptation including savings, anterograde interference, spontaneous recovery, and rapid unlearning. Our results suggest that motor adaptation depends on at least two distinct neural systems that have different sensitivity to error and retain information at different rates. This study presents evidence for two learning processes with distinct time courses that contribute to motor skill acquisition, and a computational model of the interactions between these processes that unifies much of the literature in motor adaptation.