Vertebrate Bioacoustics: Prospects and Open Problems
Vertebrate Bioacoustics: Prospects and Open Problems
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-27721-9_10
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fitch, W. Tecumseh
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作者：
Fitch, W. Tecumseh
在过去的二十年里，脊椎动物生物声学在加深对声道功能形态的了解方面取得了巨大的进展，声道的功能形态是指声音是如何由喉部(或鸟类的空洞)产生，然后在声道中过滤的。尽管取得了这一基本进展，但在特定脊椎动物的声带解剖中看到的许多不寻常的特征仍然鲜为人知。这主要是因为这些潜在的声音适应在一个多世纪前由经典的比较解剖学家描述，很久以前，对声音产生的物理学和生理学还没有很好的理解。增加这一难度的是，许多关于解剖学特征的描述都是以非英语语言发表的，而且往往发表在难以获得的期刊上。本章首先简要回顾了比较解剖学作为生物学的一个主要分支的兴衰，特别是声带解剖学。然后，它提供了许多已知的解剖学特性的简要概述，尽管人们对这些特性了解不多，但被认为在声音产生中发挥了一些作用。同时考虑了形态和可能的功能，并对所有现有的实证研究进行了综述。这一章涵盖了大多数已知的发声特征，包括气囊、声带改变、大多数鸭子身上存在的空洞，或者许多鸟类中看到的细长的气管。这种不同寻常的声带解剖修改将为未来的生物声学研究提供一个丰富而有价值的主题。
Vertebrate bioacoustics has made great gains in the last two decades in terms of increased understanding of the functional morphology of the vocal tract: how sounds are produced by the larynx (or syrinx in birds) and then filtered in the vocal tract. Despite this fundamental progress, many unusual features seen in the vocal anatomy of particular vertebrates remain poorly understood. This results mainly from the fact that these potential vocal adaptations were described by classical comparative anatomists more than a century ago, long before a good understanding of the physics and physiology of vocal production was in place. Adding to this difficulty, many of the descriptions of anatomical peculiarities were published in non-English languages and often in hard-to-access journals. This chapter starts with a short review of the rise and fall of comparative anatomy as a leading branch of biology, focusing especially on vocal anatomy. It then provides a brief overview of the many known anatomical peculiarities that, although poorly understood, are thought to play some role in vocal production. Both morphology and possible function are considered, and any available empirical research is reviewed. The chapter covers most known vocal peculiarities including air sacs, vocal fold modifications, the syringeal bulla present in most ducks, or the elongated trachea seen in many bird species. Such unusual modifications of vocal anatomy will provide a rich and rewarding topic of future research in bioacoustics.