Cancer immunotherapy: The past, the present and the future
Cancer immunotherapy: The past, the present and the future
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DOI：
10.1046/j.0818-9641.2003.01151.x
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发表时间：
2003-04-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Parish, CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parish, CR
一个多世纪以来，免疫学中最具争议的问题之一是是否可以针对恶性肿瘤引发有效的免疫反应。免疫学界是否相信癌症免疫疗法可行或不可能，很大程度上取决于当时盛行的免疫学范式。事实上，在过去 110 年里，人们对癌症免疫治疗的态度至少有五次剧烈波动。然而，现在看来，有压倒性的证据支持先天性免疫反应和适应性免疫反应都可以识别和消除肿瘤的观点。另一方面，是否可以利用这些免疫反应来控制癌症还有待观察，因为在诊断时，许多肿瘤已经经过免疫选择，对免疫消除具有高度抵抗力。基于这些观察结果，有人认为，除了产生肿瘤特异性细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞之外，还必须探索免疫治疗方法。替代策略包括将杀肿瘤骨髓细胞招募到肿瘤中，产生抗血管生成免疫反应，以及将先天免疫引导到肿瘤细胞上缺氧诱导的配体。
One of the most controversial issues in immunology for over a century has been whether an effective immune response can be elicited against malignant tumours. Whether the immunology community has believed cancer immunotherapy is feasible or impossible has been largely determined by the prevailing immunological paradigms at that time. In fact, during the last 110 years it is possible to trace at least five dramatic fluctuations in attitude towards cancer immunotherapy. It now appears, however, that overwhelming evidence is available to support the view that both the innate and adaptive immune responses can recognize and eliminate tumours. On the other hand, it remains to be seen if these immune responses can be harnessed to control cancer as, at the time of diagnosis, many tumours have already been immunoselected to be highly resistant to immune elimination. Based on these observations it is argued that immunotherapy approaches, other than the generation of tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes, must be explored. Alternative strategies include recruiting tumouricidal myeloid cells into tumours, generating antiangiogenic immune responses and directing innate immunity to hypoxia-induced ligands on tumour cells.