The New Chemistry in Sweden: The Debate That Wasn't
The New Chemistry in Sweden: The Debate That Wasn't
复制标题
瑞典的新化学：并非如此的争论
作者：
A. Lundgren
十八世纪瑞典化学史作为一个研究领域几乎是一片处女地。这一领域的学术著作很少，但那个时期的瑞典化学家非常多产，不仅有出版的作品，还有信件、实验室笔记本、旅行日记和其他手稿，所有这些都在图书馆和档案馆中未经审查。这篇文章，一个初步的调查，建议可能的方向，更全面的调查，材料。这个主题不是狭隘的，而是与欧洲化学史有着普遍的关系：对瑞典化学更广泛的文化背景的理解有助于推翻燃素理论。18世纪瑞典化学的一个显著特点是依赖采矿业，因此集中于冶金、矿物学和化验。因此，这一时期的瑞典化学家被分为两个群体：从事采矿业的化学家和一小部分大学化学家。这两个群体经常混合和合作，但有一个重要的区别：他们对消炎药的反应。本研究将试图解释这种差异，讨论这两个群体的特点及其与社会环境的关系。
T HE HISTORY OF EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY SWEDISH CHEMISTRY is almost virgin territory as an area of study. There are few scholarly works in the field,' yet Swedish chemists in that period were very productive, not only of published works, but of letters, laboratory notebooks, travel diaries, and other manuscripts-all of which lie unexamined in libraries and archives. This article, a preliminary survey, suggests possible directions for a fuller investigation of that material. The subject is not parochial but bears on the history of European chemistry generally: an appreciation of the broader cultural context of chemistry in Sweden sheds light on the overthrow of the phlogiston theory. A significant feature of eighteenth-century Swedish chemistry was its dependence on the mining industry, with a resultant concentration on metallurgy, mineralogy, and assaying. As a further consequence, Swedish chemists of the period were divided into two groups: those working with the mining industry, and a smaller body of university chemists. The two groups frequently intermingled and cooperated, but one important difference distinguished them: their reactions to the antiphlogistic chemistry. This study will attempt to explain that difference, discussing the characteristics of the two groups and their relationship to their social settings.