A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration.
A review of dioxin-related substances during municipal solid waste incineration.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wasman.2014.11.011
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发表时间：
2015-02
期刊：
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Hui Zhou;A. Meng;Yanqiu Long;Qinghai Li;Yan‐guo Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hui Zhou;A. Meng;Yanqiu Long;Qinghai Li;Yan‐guo Zhang
多氯二苯并对二恶英和多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）是最具毒性的化学品之一，也是城市固体废物焚烧的主要限制因素。为了更有效地控制垃圾焚烧过程中二恶英同系物的生成，研究二恶英类化合物具有重要意义。尽管对PCDD/Fs的研究很多，但由于PCDD/Fs的同系物过多、测定困难、形成机理复杂等原因，对许多问题还没有形成统一的认识。本文首先简要介绍了PCDD/Fs的不同生成机理，包括高温均相反应生成PCDD/Fs和低温非均相反应生成PCDD/Fs。然后总结了PCDD/Fs的来源，包括前体物（氯酚和多环芳烃）和残留碳。特别是，本文分析了影响PCDD/Fs形成的物质及其影响机制，包括不同类别的氯（Cl 2，HCl和飞灰中的氯化物），O2，铜，硫，水和氮化合物（氨和尿素）。由于PCDD/Fs的检测成本高且复杂，本文对PCDD/Fs的检测指标，特别是氯苯类和多环芳烃类的检测指标进行了综述，以期为PCDD/Fs的快速、便捷、实时监测找到有效的替代物。最后，根据研究结果，对进一步的研究和工业应用前景提出了建议。
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) are among the most toxic chemicals and the main restriction on municipal solid waste incineration. To exert more effective control over the formation of dioxin homologues during municipal solid waste incineration, it is significant to investigate dioxin-related compounds. Despite the numerous studies about PCDD/Fs, a unified understanding regarding many problems has yet to be reached because the homologues of PCDD/Fs are excessive, the measurement of PCDD/Fs is difficult, and the formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs are complicated. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the different formation mechanisms of PCDD/Fs, including high temperature homogeneous reaction PCDD/Fs formation and low temperature heterogeneous reaction PCDD/Fs formation. Then the sources of PCDD/Fs including precursors (chlorophenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and residual carbon are summarized. In particular, this paper analyzes the substances that influence PCDD/Fs formation and their impact mechanisms, including different categories of chlorine (Cl2, HCl and chloride in fly ash), O2, copper, sulfur, water, and nitrogen compounds (ammonia and urea). Due to the high cost and complexity of PCDD/Fs measurement, PCDD/Fs indicators, especially chlorobenzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are summarized, to find an effective surrogate for quick, convenient and real-time monitoring of PCDD/Fs. Finally, according to the results of the current study, recommendations for further research and industrial applications prospects are proposed.