Reconstructing the Evolution of Laughter in Great Apes and Humans
Reconstructing the Evolution of Laughter in Great Apes and Humans
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.028
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发表时间：
2009-07-14
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Zimmermann, Elke
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ross, Marina Davila;Owren, Michael J.;Zimmermann, Elke
人类的情感表达，如笑声，被认为起源于祖先的非人类灵长类动物的展示[1-6]。为了验证这一假设，目前的工作研究了婴儿和青少年猩猩，大猩猩，黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩的瘙痒引起的发声的声学，以及人类婴儿产生的瘙痒引起的笑声。由此产生的声学数据，然后编码为字符状态，并提交定量系统发育分析。声学结果揭示了这五个物种之间的重要的相似性和差异。此外，从声学数据重建的系统发育树匹配的比较遗传学的基础上建立的树。总的来说，这些结果提供了强有力的证据，即挠痒痒引起的笑声在类人猿和人类中是同源的，并支持了从非人类展示到人类情感表达的系统发育连续性的更普遍的假设。研究结果还表明，人类独特的笑声特征，如主要规则，稳定的发声和一贯的外向气流，仍然可以追溯到与类人猿共同祖先的特征。
Human emotional expressions, such as laughter, are argued to have their origins in ancestral nonhuman primate displays [1-6]. To test this hypothesis, the current work examined the acoustics of tickle-induced vocalizations from infant and juvenile orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos, as well as tickle-induced laughter produced by human infants. Resulting acoustic data were then coded as character states and submitted to quantitative phylogenetic analysis. Acoustic outcomes revealed both important similarities and differences among the five species. Furthermore, phylogenetic trees reconstructed from the acoustic data matched the well-established trees based on comparative genetics. Taken together, the results provide strong evidence that tickling-induced laughter is homologous in great apes and humans and support the more general postulation of phylogenetic continuity from nonhuman displays to human emotional expressions. Findings also show that distinctively human laughter characteristics such as predominantly regular, stable voicing and consistently egressive airflow are nonetheless traceable to characteristics of shared ancestors with great apes.