Tonically Active Neurons in the Primate Caudate Nucleus and Putamen Differentially Encode Instructed Motivational Outcomes of Action
Tonically Active Neurons in the Primate Caudate Nucleus and Putamen Differentially Encode Instructed Motivational Outcomes of Action
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.0068-04.2004
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发表时间：
2004-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Yamada;N. Matsumoto;M. Kimura
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文献类型：
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作者：
H. Yamada;N. Matsumoto;M. Kimura
为了实现一个目标，动物会立即获得奖励，逃避讨厌的事件，或者忍受没有奖励。这些目标导向行为的神经元基底包括边缘系统和基底神经节。在纹状体中，强直活性神经元（TANs），被认为是胆碱能中间神经元，最初被证明对奖励相关的刺激作出反应，并通过学习进化其活动。随后的研究表明，它们也会对与厌恶事件相关的刺激做出反应，比如在脸上吹气，而且它们对刺激是否指示奖励或没有奖励的选择性更低。为了解决这个矛盾，我们设计了一组实验，让猕猴在期待奖励、逃离厌恶事件和没有奖励的情况下执行一系列视觉反应时间任务。我们发现，TANs对与动机结果相关的指令刺激有反应（390人中有312人；80%），但对不相关的指令刺激没有反应（390人中有51人；13%），并且他们主要区分相关指令（312人中有217人；70%）。我们还发现，尾状核中对与动机结果相关的刺激的反应比例（118 / 128;92%）高于壳核（194 / 262;74%），而壳核中对杠杆释放的go信号的反应比例（112 / 262;43%）高于尾状核（27 / 128;21%），特别是对期望奖励的动作。这些发现表明，尾状核和壳核中的TANs在目标导向的行动计划和学习的编码指示动机环境中起着独特的关键作用。
To achieve a goal, animals procure immediately available rewards, escape from aversive events, or endure the absence of rewards. The neuronal substrates for these goal-directed actions include the limbic system and the basal ganglia. In the striatum, tonically active neurons (TANs), presumed cholinergic interneurons, were originally shown to respond to reward-associated stimuli and to evolve their activity through learning. Subsequent studies revealed that they also respond to aversive event-associated stimuli such as an airpuff on the face and that they are less selective to whether the stimuli instruct reward or no reward. To address this paradox, we designed a set of experiments in which macaque monkeys performed a set of visual reaction time tasks while expecting a reward, during escape from an aversive event, and in the absence of a reward. We found that TANs respond to instruction stimuli associated with motivational outcomes (312 of 390; 80%) but not to unassociated ones (51 of 390; 13%), and that they mostly differentiate associated instructions (217 of 312; 70%). We also found that a higher percentage of TANs in the caudate nucleus respond to stimuli associated with motivational outcomes (118 of 128; 92%) than in the putamen (194 of 262; 74%), whereas a higher percentage of TANs in the putamen respond to go signals for the lever release (112 of 262; 43%) than in the caudate nucleus (27 of 128; 21%), especially for an action expecting a reward. These findings suggest a distinct, pivotal role of TANs in the caudate nucleus and putamen in encoding instructed motivational contexts for goal-directed action planning and learning.