Wild jackdaws' reproductive success and their offspring's stress hormones are connected to provisioning rate and brood size, not to parental neophobia.
Wild jackdaws' reproductive success and their offspring's stress hormones are connected to provisioning rate and brood size, not to parental neophobia.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.11.006
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Thornton A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greggor AL;Spencer KA;Clayton NS;Thornton A
父母的新恐惧症并不能预测健身或后代CORT野生寒鸦。供给率较低的父母孵出的幼鸟较少。来自较大窝的小鸡具有较高的基线CORT水平。孵化期较晚的雏鸡表现出较高的应激诱导的CORT水平。新恐惧症的健康相关和生态后果仍不清楚。许多物种在新恐惧症和应激激素方面表现出个体差异，但这种差异在野外的原因和后果尚不清楚。新恐惧水平的变化会影响动物的后代数量，并更微妙地影响饲养环境和后代的发育。发育期间的营养缺乏会提高应激激素的水平，从而对学习、记忆和生存产生长期影响。因此，测量后代的应激激素水平，如皮质酮（CORT），有助于确定父母的新恐惧症是否会影响年轻人的状况和发育轨迹。寒鸦（Corvus monedula）是一种高度恐新的物种，非常适合探索父母恐新对发育中的后代的潜在影响。我们调查了是否neophobic反应，以及已知的健身驱动程序，影响野生繁殖寒鸦的巢成功和后代激素反应。尽管其在整个繁殖季节的一致性，并在文献中的建议，它应该有重要的生殖健康，父母的neophobia没有预测巢的成功，供应率或后代的激素水平。相反，兄弟姐妹之间的竞争和父母的照顾不好导致了压力反应的自然变化。父母与较低的供应率羽翼丰满的小鸡，小鸡从较大的育雏有升高的基线CORT水平，和小鸡与较晚的孵化日期表现出较高的应激诱导的CORT水平。由于CORT水平可能会影响成人neophobia的表达，在青少年压力反应的变化可以解释的发展和维护neophobia的变化在成年人口。
Parental neophobia does not predict fitness or offspring CORT in wild jackdaws. Parents with lower provisioning rates fledge fewer chicks. Chicks from larger broods have higher baseline CORT levels. Chicks with later hatching dates show higher stress-induced CORT levels. The fitness-related and ecological consequences of neophobia are still unclear. Many species show individual variation in neophobia and stress hormones, but the causes and consequences of this variation in the wild are unclear. Variation in neophobia levels could affect the number of offspring animals produce, and more subtly influence the rearing environment and offspring development. Nutritional deficits during development can elevate levels of stress hormones that trigger long-term effects on learning, memory, and survival. Therefore measuring offspring stress hormone levels, such as corticosterone (CORT), helps determine if parental neophobia influences the condition and developmental trajectory of young. As a highly neophobic species, jackdaws (Corvus monedula) are excellent for exploring the potential effects of parental neophobia on developing offspring. We investigated if neophobic responses, alongside known drivers of fitness, influence nest success and offspring hormone responses in wild breeding jackdaws. Despite its consistency across the breeding season, and suggestions in the literature that it should have importance for reproductive fitness, parental neophobia did not predict nest success, provisioning rates or offspring hormone levels. Instead, sibling competition and poor parental care contributed to natural variation in stress responses. Parents with lower provisioning rates fledged fewer chicks, chicks from larger broods had elevated baseline CORT levels, and chicks with later hatching dates showed higher stress-induced CORT levels. Since CORT levels may influence the expression of adult neophobia, variation in juvenile stress responses could explain the development and maintenance of neophobic variation within the adult population.