Childhood intelligence and risk of depression in later-life: A longitudinal data-linkage study.
Childhood intelligence and risk of depression in later-life: A longitudinal data-linkage study.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101560
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发表时间：
2024-03
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Iveson, Matthew H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ball, Emily L.;Altschul, Drew M.;Cox, Simon R.;Deary, Ian J.;Mcintosh, Andrew M.;Iveson, Matthew H.
在一些研究中，儿童智力测试分数较低与成年后患抑郁症的风险较高有关。这种联系的原因尚不清楚。这项纵向数据关联研究探讨了儿童智力（11岁）与晚年抑郁风险（185岁以下）之间的关系，以及儿童家庭结构和成年社会经济和地理因素是否对这种关联有一定影响。1947年苏格兰精神调查中收集的智力测试分数与1980年至2020年期间的电子健康记录（入院和处方数据）（n = 53，037）相关联，以确定抑郁症的诊断。采用混合效应考克斯回归模型探讨儿童期智力测验成绩与晚年抑郁风险的关系。分析还调整了儿童家庭结构（家庭规模）和成年社会经济和地理因素（卡斯泰尔斯指数，城市/农村）。27%的参与者在随访期间被诊断患有抑郁症（n = 14，063/53，037）。在未校正的分析中（HR = 0.95，95%CI = 0.93至0.97，P < 0.001），以及校正儿童和成年期经历的因素后（HR = 0.95，95%CI = 0.91至1.00，P = 0.032），儿童期智力测试得分较高与抑郁风险降低相关。当仅使用住院数据识别抑郁症时，在未经调整的分析后，儿童智力测试得分较高与抑郁症风险降低相关（HR = 0.86，95%CI = 0.82 ~ 0.90，P < 0.001），校正儿童期和成年期危险因素后（HR = 0.94，95% CI = 0.89至0.99，P = 0.026）。当仅使用处方药数据识别抑郁症病例时，儿童认知测试分数与抑郁症之间没有关联。这项研究提供了额外的证据表明，只有当抑郁症是基于住院记录评估时，儿童期较高的智力才能预测晚年抑郁症的风险降低。儿童期的家庭结构和成年期的社会经济和地理因素似乎不是实质性的混杂因素。确定可改变的风险因素，可能有助于确定预防抑郁症的干预措施。儿童期智力测试分数越高，晚年患抑郁症的风险越低。在调整了童年家庭结构和成年社会经济/地理因素后，这种关联仍然存在。当仅使用住院数据识别成人抑郁症时，这种关联存在。当仅使用处方药数据识别成人抑郁症时，没有关联。
Lower childhood intelligence test scores are reported in some studies to be associated with higher risk of depression in adulthood. The reasons for the association are unclear. This longitudinal data-linkage study explored the relationship between childhood intelligence (at age ∼11) and risk of depression in later-life (up to age ∼85), and whether childhood family structure and adulthood socio-economic and geographical factors accounted for some of this association. Intelligence test scores collected in the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 were linked to electronic health records (hospital admissions and prescribing data) between 1980 and 2020 (n = 53,037), to identify diagnoses of depression. Mixed-effect Cox regression models were used to explore the relationship between childhood intelligence test scores and risk of depression in later-life. Analyses were also adjusted for childhood family structure (size of family) and adulthood socio-economic and geographical factors (Carstairs index, urban/rural). Twenty-seven percent of participants were diagnosed with depression during follow-up (n = 14,063/53,037). Greater childhood intelligence test scores were associated with a reduced risk of depression in an unadjusted analysis (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93 to 0.97, P < 0.001), and after adjustment for factors experienced in childhood and adulthood (HR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.00, P = 0.032). When identifying depression using only hospital admissions data, greater childhood intelligence test scores were associated with a reduced risk of depression following unadjusted analysis (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.90, P < 0.001), and after adjusting for risk factors in childhood and adulthood (HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89 to 0.99, P = 0.026). There was no association between childhood cognitive test scores and depression when identifying cases of depression using only prescribed drugs data. This study provides additional evidence suggesting that higher childhood intelligence predicts reduced risk of later-life depression only when depression is assessed based on hospital admission records. Childhood family structure and adulthood socio-economic and geographical factors did not seem to be substantial confounders. Identifying modifiable risk factors, may help to identify interventions for the prevention of depression. Greater childhood intelligence test scores were associated with a reduced risk of depression in later-life. The association remained after adjusting for childhood family structure and adulthood socio-economic/geographical factors. The association was present when adult depression was identified using only hospital admissions data. There was no association when adult depression was identified using only prescribed drugs data.
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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6.9
作者：
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