Relationship among Glutamine, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, and Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Relationship among Glutamine, γ-Aminobutyric Acid, and Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorders
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DOI：
10.1089/cap.2014.0112
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Frazier, Jean A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cochran, David M.;Sikoglu, Elif M.;Frazier, Jean A.
目的：孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）存在兴奋性和抑制性神经传递失衡。我们比较了13名ASD男性和14名正常发育（TD）男性的前扣带皮层（ACC）中谷氨酸（Glu）、谷氨酰胺（Gln）和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）的水平（13-17岁），并将这些水平与智商（IQ）和社会认知的测量相关联。社会认知通过社会反应量表（SRS）和阅读眼中的思想测试（RMET）进行评估。我们使用单个体素点分辨光谱序列（PRESS）和Mescher-Garwood点分辨光谱序列量化Glu和Gln，从双侧ACC获取质子磁共振光谱（H-1-MRS）数据（MEGA-PRESS）以量化参照肌酸（Cr）的GABA水平。ASD组的Gln水平（p=0.04）高于TD组，GABA/Cre水平（p=0.09）低于TD组。两组间Glu水平无差异。Gln与RMET评分（rho=-0.62，p=0.001）和IQ（rho=-0.56，p=0.003）呈负相关，与SRS评分呈正相关（rho=0.53，p=0.007）。GABA/Cre水平与RMET评分（rho=0.34，p=0.09）和IQ（rho=0.36，p=0.07）呈正相关，与SRS评分（rho=-0.34，p =0.09）呈负相关。较高的Gln水平和较低的GABA/Cre水平与较低的智商和更大的社会认知障碍有关。
Objective: An imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been proposed. We compared glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of 13 males with ASD and 14 typically developing (TD) males (ages 13-17), and correlated these levels with intelligence quotient (IQ) and measures of social cognition.Methods: Social cognition was evaluated by administration of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET). We acquired proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS) data from the bilateral ACC using the single voxel point resolved spectroscopy sequence (PRESS) to quantify Glu and Gln, and Mescher-Garwood point-resolved spectroscopy sequence (MEGA-PRESS) to quantify GABA levels referenced to creatine (Cr).Results: There were higher Gln levels (p=0.04), and lower GABA/Cre levels (p=0.09) in the ASD group than in the TD group. There was no difference in Glu levels between groups. Gln was negatively correlated with RMET score (rho=-0.62, p=0.001) and IQ (rho=-0.56, p=0.003), and positively correlated with SRS scores (rho=0.53, p=0.007). GABA/Cre levels were positively correlated with RMET score (rho=0.34, p=0.09) and IQ (rho=0.36, p=0.07), and negatively correlated with SRS score (rho=-0.34, p=0.09).Conclusions: These data suggest an imbalance between glutamatergic neurotransmission and GABA-ergic neurotransmission in ASD. Higher Gln levels and lower GABA/Cre levels were associated with lower IQ and greater impairments in social cognition across groups.