State Laws Governing Syringe Services Programs and Participant Syringe Possession, 2014-2019
State Laws Governing Syringe Services Programs and Participant Syringe Possession, 2014-2019
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0033354920921817
复制
发表时间：
2020-07-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Burris, Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fernandez-Vina, Marcelo H.;Prood, Nadya E.;Burris, Scott
客观法则是注射器服务计划（SSP）传播的一个重要因素。本研究衡量了管理 SSP 运营和参与者持有注射器的州法律的现状和 5 年变化。方法 法律研究人员开发了一个横截面数据集，衡量 2019 年 8 月 1 日生效的美国 50 个州和哥伦比亚特区管理注射器持有和分配的州法律和法规的主要特征。我们将这些数据与之前收集的截至 2014 年 8 月 1 日的法律数据进行了比较。结果 39 个州（包括哥伦比亚特区）哥伦比亚大学）的法律于 2019 年 8 月 1 日生效，消除了对 SSP 的明确授权和/或监管的法律障碍。三十三个州制定了一项或多项法律，规定 SSP 参与者至少在某些情况下合法拥有注射器。 2014 年至 2019 年的变化包括增加了 14 个州通过法律明确授权 SSP，以及增加了 12 个州至少有 1 项条款减少了 SSP 的法律障碍。自 2014 年以来，明确授权 SSP 的州数量几乎翻了一番，新增的州包括许多被认为很难获得 SSP 的农村、南部或中西部州，以及艾滋病毒和丙型肝炎病毒爆发高风险的州。在美国超过 20% 的州中，SSP 运作和参与者拥有注射器仍然存在重大法律障碍。结论 SSP 有效运作的法律障碍有所下降，但仍继续阻碍预防和减少毒品相关危害。
Objective Law is an important factor in the diffusion of syringe services programs (SSPs). This study measures the current status of, and 5-year change in, state laws governing SSP operations and possession of syringes by participants.Methods Legal researchers developed a cross-sectional data set measuring key features of state laws and regulations governing the possession and distribution of syringes across the 50 US states and the District of Columbia in effect on August 1, 2019. We compared these data with previously collected data on laws as of August 1, 2014.Results Thirty-nine states (including the District of Columbia) had laws in effect on August 1, 2019, that removed legal impediments to, explicitly authorized, and/or regulated SSPs. Thirty-three states had 1 or more laws consistent with legal possession of syringes by SSP participants under at least some circumstances. Changes from 2014 to 2019 included an increase of 14 states explicitly authorizing SSPs by law and an increase of 12 states with at least 1 provision reducing legal barriers to SSPs. Since 2014, the number of states explicitly authorizing SSPs nearly doubled, and the new states included many rural, southern, or midwestern states that had been identified as having poor access to SSPs, as well as states at high risk for HIV and hepatitis C virus outbreaks. Substantial legal barriers to SSP operation and participant syringe possession remained in >20% of US states.Conclusion Legal barriers to effective operation of SSPs have declined but continue to hinder the prevention and reduction of drug-related harm.