Body-size dependent temporal variations in nitrogen stable isotope ratios in food webs
Body-size dependent temporal variations in nitrogen stable isotope ratios in food webs
复制标题
食物网中氮稳定同位素比率的体型依赖性时间变化
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Milligan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Jennings;T. A. Maxwell;M. Schratzberger;S. Milligan
AMMA(非洲季风多学科分析)项目致力于更好地了解西非季风及其对区域和全球物理、化学和生物环境的影响，并将这种季风系统的可变性与西非国家的健康、水资源、粮食安全和人口统计问题联系起来。在这一框架内，2006年夏季开展了一次密集的实地活动，以便更好地记录本季风季不同关键阶段的具体过程和天气系统。这一活动是在一个较长的观察期内进行的，该观察期记录了2005至2007年间地表和大气条件的年度循环。本文件提供了2006年夏季风季的大范围和区域尺度概述，其中包括对流活动、平均大气环流和天气/季内天气系统、海洋和陆地表面条件、大陆水文、沙尘浓度和臭氧分布的考虑。2006年非洲夏季季风是一个接近正常的雨季，除了北纬15°以北的大范围降雨过剩。与气候学相比，这个季风季的特点也是10天开始延迟，对流是在7月10日之后才开始发展的。这一开始延迟影响了大陆水文、土壤水分和植被动态以及沙尘排放。文中提供了非洲季风在季节内和天气尺度上一些不太为人所知的大气特征的更多细节，以促进今后在这些领域的研究。
The AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis) program is dedicated to providing a better understanding of the West African monsoon and its influence on the physical, chemical and biological environment regionally and globally, as well as relating variability of this monsoon system to issues of health, water resources, food security and demography for West African nations. Within this framework, an intensive field campaign took place during the summer of 2006 to better document specific processes and weather systems at various key stages of this monsoon season. This campaign was embedded within a longer observation period that documented the annual cycle of surface and atmospheric conditions between 2005 and 2007. The present paper provides a large and regional scale overview of the 2006 summer monsoon season, that includes consideration of of the convective activity, mean atmospheric circulation and synoptic/intraseasonal weather systems, oceanic and land surface conditions, continental hydrology, dust concentration and ozone distribution. The 2006 African summer monsoon was a near-normal rainy season except for a large-scale rainfall excess north of 15° N. This monsoon season was also characterized by a 10-day delayed onset compared to climatology, with convection becoming developed only after 10 July. This onset delay impacted the continental hydrology, soil moisture and vegetation dynamics as well as dust emission. More details of some less-well-known atmospheric features in the African monsoon at intraseasonal and synoptic scales are provided in order to promote future research in these areas.