n-3 Fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: Human studies
n-3 Fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: Human studies
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/65.5.1645s
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发表时间：
1997-05-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Harris, WS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harris, WS
综述了鱼油（二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸）和植物油（α-亚麻酸）中的 n-3 脂肪酸对人血清脂质和脂蛋白的影响。如果研究是安慰剂对照、交叉或平行设计研究，每天提供 < 7 g n-3 脂肪酸且治疗时间大于或等于 2 周，则纳入本综述。只有三项研究可用于评估 α-亚麻酸对血清脂质浓度的影响。这些研究表明，对于脂质和脂蛋白的影响，α-亚麻酸 (18:3n-3) 与富含 n-6 的油相当。只有当喂食大量亚麻籽油时，海洋 n-3 脂肪酸的标志性效应——降低三酰甘油浓度——才会出现。因此，就对脂蛋白代谢的影响而言，植物来源的n-3脂肪酸并不等同于海洋来源的酸。对更多使用海洋酸的研究进行了检查和总结。交叉 (n = 36) 和平行 (n = 29) 设计研究均得出相同的结论：总胆固醇不受 n-3 脂肪酸消耗的重大影响，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度往往会上升 5-10%，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度会上升 1-3%，血清三酰甘油浓度会下降 25-30%。海洋 n-3 脂肪酸的这些作用现已得到证实。剩下的就是确定这些影响背后的机制，更重要的是确定它们对健康的影响。
The effects of n-3 fatty acids from fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) and plant oils (alpha-linolenic acid) on human serum lipids and lipoproteins are reviewed. Studies were included in this review if they were placebo-controlled, crossover, or parallel design studies providing < 7 g n-3 fatty acids/d and with treatment periods of greater than or equal to 2 wk duration. Only three studies were available for evaluation of the effects of alpha-linolenic acid on serum lipid concentrations. From these studies it appeared that alpha-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) was equivalent to n-6-rich oils vis-a-vis lipid and lipoprotein effects. Only when very large amounts of flaxseed oil were fed did the hallmark effect of marine n-3 fatty acids-reduced triacylglycerol concentrations-appear. Thus, in terms of effects on lipoprotein metabolism, the plant-derived n-3 fatty acid is not equivalent to the marine-based acids. More studies using the marine-based acids were examined and summarized. Both crossover (n = 36) and parallel (n = 29) design studies reached the same conclusions: total cholesterol is not materially affected by n-3 fatty acid consumption, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations tend to rise by 5-10% and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol by 1-3%, and serum triacylglycerol concentrations decrease by 25-30%. These effects of marine n-3 fatty acids are now well-established; what remains is to determine the mechanisms behind these effects and, more importantly, their health consequences.