Identifying natural and anthropogenic drivers of prehistoric fire regimes through simulated charcoal records
Identifying natural and anthropogenic drivers of prehistoric fire regimes through simulated charcoal records
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2018.04.009
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
G. Snitker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Snitker
考古和古生态学研究表明，人为火灾对陆地和大气系统具有长期影响，包括将“野生”景观转变为管理的农业景观。单独的沉积木炭积累只能提供有限的信息，说明人为火灾对长期火灾制度的影响。计算建模为人为火灾提供了一种新的方法，将“虚拟实验室”中的社会和生物物理过程联系起来，在虚拟实验室中可以模拟长期情景，并与经验木炭数据进行比较。本文介绍了CharRec，一个景观火灾、木炭分散和沉积的计算模型，模拟了多种自然和人为火灾制度形成的木炭记录。CharRec被应用于西班牙东部纳瓦尔萨姆斯运河地区的一个案例研究，以揭示人类驱动的火灾制度在全新世早期和中期的作用。通过对模拟木炭记录和纳瓦尔斯运河的经验木炭数据进行统计比较，表明新石器时代向农牧生活过渡后的人为燃烧是全新世中期火灾活动的主要驱动因素。
Archaeological and paleoecological studies demonstrate that human-caused fires have long-term influences on terrestrial and atmospheric systems, including the transformation of “wild” landscapes into managed, agricultural landscapes. Sedimentary charcoal accumulations alone provide only limited information about the influence of human-caused fires on long-term fire regimes. Computational modeling offers a new approach to anthropogenic fire that links social and biophysical processes in a “virtual laboratory” where long-term scenarios can be simulated and compared with empirical charcoal data. This paper presents CharRec, a computational model of landscape fire, charcoal dispersion, and deposition that simulates charcoal records formed by multiple natural and anthropogenic fire regimes. CharRec is applied to a case study in the Canal de Navarrés region in eastern Spain to reveal the role of human-driven fire regimes during the early and middle Holocene. A statistical comparison of simulated charcoal records and empirical charcoal data from the Canal de Navarrés indicates that anthropogenic burning, following the Neolithic transition to agro-pastoral subsistence, was a primary driver of fire activity during the middle Holocene.