It Was What It Wasn’t: Translation and Francoism
It Was What It Wasn’t: Translation and Francoism
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事实并非如此：翻译与弗朗哥主义
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发表时间：
2010
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通讯作者：
Jeroen Vandaele
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作者：
Jeroen Vandaele
把佛朗哥主义称为法西斯政权是错误的（参见Paxton 2004，特别是第6章），尽管在1936年至1945年期间，它有许多法西斯主义的特征（参见理查兹，1998）。佛朗哥主义（1936/39-75）是（极端）天主教，法西斯主义和其他反动意识形态或成分的特殊混合物。在1936年至1939年的内战之前和米格尔·普里莫·德里维拉将军的独裁统治之后，西班牙的民主第二共和国（1931年至1939年）经历了两个时期。在第一个阶段（1931-33年），左翼政府以激烈的方式重新分配财富，并采取反神职人员的行动。1934年至1936年，右翼政府暂停了社会改革。当共和国在1936年组织新的选举时，左翼联盟人民阵线赢得了胜利，政治两极分化已经完成。在这样的氛围下，第二共和国的反动反对者之间建立了联系：西班牙法西斯主义者，天主教会和其他团体。[1]那些在内战中与佛朗哥并肩作战的人，包括法西斯主义者和教会（见卡萨诺瓦，2005），实际上是在反对共和国及其给进步力量带来的机会。在内战期间和之后，佛朗哥设法将这些反共和党的力量统一在一个名为VET y de las容斯的政党中，该政党代表F alange Espanola Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva National Sindicalista。
It would be wrong to call Francoism a fascist regime (see Paxton 2004, especially Chapter 6), though between 1936 and 1945 it bore many features of fascism (see Richards 1998). Francoism (1936/39–75) was an idiosyncratic mixture of (ultra-) Catholicism, fascism and other reactionary ideologies or ingredients. Before the Civil War of 1936–39 and after General Miguel Primo de Rivera’s dictatorship, which ended with his death in 1930, Spain’s democratic Second Republic (1931–36/39) saw two periods. In the first (1931–33), a left-wing government redistributed wealth in drastic ways and engaged in anti-clerical action. In the next (1934–36), a right-wing government suspended the social reforms. When the Republic organized new elections in 1936, which were won by the left-wing coalition Frente Popular, political polarization was complete. In such a climate bonds were created between reactionary opponents of the Second Republic: Spanish fascists, the Catholic Church, and other groups.1 Those who fought with Franco in the Civil War, including the fascists and the Church (see Casanova 2005), were in fact fighting against the Republic and the opportunities it had given to progressive forces. During and after the Civil War, Franco managed to unify these anti-Republican forces in a party called VET y de las JONS, which stood for F alange Espanola Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva National Sindicalista.2