ALMA-IMF. IX. Catalog and Physical Properties of 315 SiO Outflow Candidates in 15 Massive Protoclusters-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3847/1538-4357/ad0786

发表时间：

2023-12

期刊：

The Astrophysical Journal

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

A. Towner;A. Ginsburg;P. Dell’Ova;A. Gusdorf;S. Bontemps;T. Csengeri;R. Galván-Madrid;F. Louvet;F. Motte;P. Sanhueza;A. M. Stutz;J. Bally;T. Baug;H.-R. V. Chen;N. Cunningham;M. Fernández-López;H.-L. Liu;X. Lu;T. Nony;M. Valeille-Manet;B. Wu;R. H. Álvarez-Gutiérrez;M. Bonfand;J. di Francesco;Q. Nguyen-Luong;F. Olguin;A. P. Whitworth

我们提出了在 ALMA-IMF 大型计划中在 SiO J = 5 − 4 中检测到的 315 个原恒星外流候选者的目录，以 ~2000 au 空间分辨率、0.339 km s−1 速度分辨率和 2–12 mJy beam−1 (0.18–0.8 K) 灵敏度进行观察。我们发现中值流出质量、动量和动能分别为 ∼0.3 M ⊙、4 M ⊙ km s−1 和 1045 erg。中位流出寿命为 6000 年，产生中位质量、动量和能量率为 Ṁ = 10−4.4 M ⊙ yr−1，Ṗ = 10−3.2 M ⊙ km s−1 yr−1，且 Ė = 1 L ⊙。我们对每个领域的这些流出属性进行汇总分析。我们发现场聚集的 SiO2 流出特性与核心总质量 (∼3σ–5σ) 之间存在相关性，并且高于 3σ 与团块质量、团块光度或团块光度与质量之比没有相关性。我们进行了线性回归分析，发现现场聚合的流出质量与总团块质量之间的相关性（之前已在文献中描述过）实际上可能是由流出质量与岩心总质量之间的关系调节的。我们还发现，每个区域中最大量的 SiO 流出量通常仅占总流出量的 15%–30%（上限为 60%）。我们的数据与文献中建立的机械力-测辐射热光度关系非常吻合，并且我们的数据将这种关系扩展到 L ≥ 106 L ⊙ 和 Ṗ ≥ 1 M ⊙ km s−1 yr−1 。我们与团块 L/M 缺乏相关性与所有原恒星同时开始形成的原星团形成模型不一致。

We present a catalog of 315 protostellar outflow candidates detected in SiO J = 5 − 4 in the ALMA-IMF Large Program, observed with ∼2000 au spatial resolution, 0.339 km s−1 velocity resolution, and 2–12 mJy beam−1 (0.18–0.8 K) sensitivity. We find median outflow masses, momenta, and kinetic energies of ∼0.3 M ⊙, 4 M ⊙ km s−1, and 1045 erg, respectively. Median outflow lifetimes are 6000 yr, yielding median mass, momentum, and energy rates of Ṁ = 10−4.4 M ⊙ yr−1, Ṗ = 10−3.2 M ⊙ km s−1 yr−1, and Ė = 1 L ⊙. We analyze these outflow properties in the aggregate in each field. We find correlations between field-aggregated SiO outflow properties and total mass in cores (∼3σ–5σ), and no correlations above 3σ with clump mass, clump luminosity, or clump luminosity-to-mass ratio. We perform a linear regression analysis and find that the correlation between field-aggregated outflow mass and total clump mass—which has been previously described in the literature—may actually be mediated by the relationship between outflow mass and total mass in cores. We also find that the most massive SiO outflow in each field is typically responsible for only 15%–30% of the total outflow mass (60% upper limit). Our data agree well with the established mechanical force−bolometric luminosity relationship in the literature, and our data extend this relationship up to L ≥ 106 L ⊙ and Ṗ ≥ 1 M ⊙ km s−1 yr−1. Our lack of correlation with clump L/M is inconsistent with models of protocluster formation in which all protostars start forming at the same time.

ALMA-IMF. IX. Catalog and Physical Properties of 315 SiO Outflow Candidates in 15 Massive Protoclusters

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