HEIDEGGER, THE LAW OF BEING, AND ANIMAL PROTECTION LAWS
HEIDEGGER, THE LAW OF BEING, AND ANIMAL PROTECTION LAWS
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DOI：
10.2979/ethicsenviro.20.2.61
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
0.4
通讯作者：
Schalow, Frank
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Schalow, Frank
几十年来，马丁·海德格尔的思想被认为是支持环境保护主义立场或倡导动物权益的伦理基础。然而，正如许多此类辩论的情况一样，焦点一直倾向于伦理或道德维度，而不考虑海德格尔的方法是否也可以转移到法律的互补领域，以便开辟讨论这些主题的新途径。一方面，正是由于其非人类中心主义的关注，以及它与“权利理论”的法律主义传统的分歧，海德格尔的思想可能很好地为解决通过制定“法律”来保护动物所引起的关注提供了一个切入点，尽管是在另一种立足点上，它绕过了“法律主义”的前提，即动物被排除在权利之外（由于它们缺乏作为先决条件的道德代理权）。在下文中，我将论证海德格尔关于我们居住在地球上的能力，培养自然的各种表现形式，以及恢复我们化身的更深层次意义的描述，提出了一种法律的替代基础，对此的协调反应可以提出新的“指令”，以保护动物在它们与我们共同占据的栖息地中的生计。我们将会发现，要理解这种原始意义上的法律，就需要揭示它在希腊正义概念中的起源，从而重新设定管辖权的“界限”，在这个范围内，这种合法性可以扩展到保护动物，并提供一种“措施”来抵消平衡我们这个技术时代人类的自利动机。
For decades, Martin Heidegger's thinking has been appropriated as providing an ethical foundation either in support of positions of environmentalism or advocacy on behalf of animals. Yet, as is the case in many of these debates, the focus has been slanted toward the ethical or moral dimension, to the exclusion of considering whether the Heideggerian approach could also be transposed into the complementary arena of the law in order to open up a new avenue for discussing these topics. Precisely due to its non-anthropocentric focus on the one hand, and its divergence from the legalistic tradition of "rights-theory," on the other, Heidegger's thinking might very well provide an entry point for addressing concerns raised by enacting "laws" to protect animals, albeit on an alternative footing, which circumvents the "legalistic" premise that animals are precluded rights (due to their lacking as a precondition the moral agency proper to human beings). In the following, I will argue that Heidegger's account of our capacity to dwell on the earth, to cultivate the diverse manifestations of Nature, and recover the deeper meaning of our embodiment, suggests an alternative grounding of law, the attuned response to which can suggest new "directives" to protect the livelihood of animals in the habitats they occupy in common with our own. As we will discover, to understand the law in this primordial sense requires disclosing its origin in the Greek notion of justice, and thereby resetting the "bounds" of jurisdiction within which such lawfulness can be extended to protect animals and provide a "measure" to counter balance the self-interested motives of human beings in our technological age.