Ocean acidification alters the response of intertidal snails to a key sea star predator
Ocean acidification alters the response of intertidal snails to a key sea star predator
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2016.0890
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发表时间：
2016-06
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Brittany M. Jellison;Aaron T. Ninokawa;T. Hill;E. Sanford;B. Gaylord
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作者：
Brittany M. Jellison;Aaron T. Ninokawa;T. Hill;E. Sanford;B. Gaylord
海洋酸化（OA）的生物体水平的影响是众所周知的。对OA对生态物种相互作用的影响了解较少。在这里，我们研究了行为介导的捕食者-猎物的相互作用内的岩石潮间带的温带东太平洋，使用它作为一个模型系统，探索OA的能力，更广泛地损害无脊椎动物的反捕食行为。我们的系统涉及到标志性的海洋星星捕食者，Pisaster ochraceus，在众多的腹足类猎物中，它会做出逃避反应。我们研究，特别是，OA相关的pH值降低的能力，改变飞行行为的黑色头巾蜗牛，Tegula funebralis，一个经常丰富的和充分研究的食草动物在系统中。我们评估这些物种之间的相互作用，在16个离散的pH值水平，量化Tegula在目前和不久的将来OA条件下的全功能反应。结果表明，在低pH值的蜗牛抗捕食者的行为中断，减少个人在避难所的位置花费的时间。我们还表明，pH值的波动，包括那些典型的岩石池居住的蜗牛，并没有实质性的改变结果，这意味着很少的能力，间歇性良性pH值条件，以帮助行为恢复。总之，这些研究结果表明，OA有很大的潜力在这个长期研究的生态系统中引起级联社区水平的变化。
Organism-level effects of ocean acidification (OA) are well recognized. Less understood are OA's consequences for ecological species interactions. Here, we examine a behaviourally mediated predator–prey interaction within the rocky intertidal zone of the temperate eastern Pacific Ocean, using it as a model system to explore OA's capacity to impair invertebrate anti-predator behaviours more broadly. Our system involves the iconic sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, that elicits flee responses in numerous gastropod prey. We examine, in particular, the capacity for OA-associated reductions in pH to alter flight behaviours of the black turban snail, Tegula funebralis, an often-abundant and well-studied grazer in the system. We assess interactions between these species at 16 discrete levels of pH, quantifying the full functional response of Tegula under present and near-future OA conditions. Results demonstrate the disruption of snail anti-predator behaviours at low pH, with decreases in the time individuals spend in refuge locations. We also show that fluctuations in pH, including those typical of rock pools inhabited by snails, do not materially change outcomes, implying little capacity for episodically benign pH conditions to aid behavioural recovery. Together, these findings suggest a strong potential for OA to induce cascading community-level shifts within this long-studied ecosystem.