An introduction to phase transitions in stochastic dynamical systems
An introduction to phase transitions in stochastic dynamical systems
复制标题
随机动力系统中的相变简介
DOI：
10.1088/1742-6596/40/1/001
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Blythe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Blythe
我们给出了一个介绍，在稳定状态的系统，发展随机与平衡和非平衡动力学，后者定义为那些不具有时间反演对称性的相变。我们尝试尽可能多地讨论这两种情况下，在同一个概念框架内，专注于动态吸引力的“峰”在状态空间。这些峰的定量表征导致从平衡稳定状态延伸到非平衡对应物的配分函数和自由能的表达式。我们表明，对于某些已精确求解的非平衡系统，这些表达式提供了对其宏观相行为的精确预测。
We give an introduction to phase transitions in the steady states of systems that evolve stochastically with equilibrium and nonequilibrium dynamics, the latter defined as those that do not possess a time-reversal symmetry. We try as much as possible to discuss both cases within the same conceptual framework, focussing on dynamically attractive 'peaks' in state space. A quantitative characterisation of these peaks leads to expressions for the partition function and free energy that extend from equilibrium steady states to their nonequilibrium counterparts. We show that for certain classes of nonequilibrium systems that have been exactly solved, these expressions provide precise predictions of their macroscopic phase behaviour.