Evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in New Caledonian Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae)
Evolution of obligate pollination mutualism in New Caledonian Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae)
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DOI：
10.3732/ajb.91.3.410
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发表时间：
2004-03-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Kato, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawakita, A;Kato, M
目前大约有6种植物与其种子捕食性传粉者之间的专性授粉互惠，包括无花果-无花果黄蜂，丝兰-丝兰蛾，以及最近发现的Glochidion树-表头蛾互惠。这些相互作用中的一个共同原则是，传粉者在发育中的果实中只消耗有限数量的种子作物(在无花果-无花果黄蜂互惠的情况下)，从而确保植物繁殖的净收益。一种新的专性、种子寄生授粉互惠的两种新的新喀里多尼亚叶下珠属(大戟科)和表头蛾(小菜蛾科)是一个例外。叶下珠属高度专门化的花是由特定物种的小头蛾主动和唯一地授粉的，其幼虫吃掉发育中的果实的所有六个胚珠。一些被飞蛾授粉的花朵保持原状，因此一部分果实完好无损。另有证据表明，叶下珠属其他物种中的表头蛾也有类似的联系，这表明这种相互作用是一种共同进化的、特定物种的授粉互惠关系。文中还讨论了系统进化稳定性的含义，以及关于Glochidion-epicephala互惠共生在相互作用模式上的差异。
About half a dozen obligate pollination mutualisms between plants and their seed-consuming pollinators are currently recognized, including fig-fig wasp, yucca-yucca moth, and the recently discovered Glochidion tree-Epicephala moth mutualisms. A common principle among these interactions is that the pollinators consume only a limited amount of the seed crop within a developing fruit (or fig in the case of fig-fig wasp mutualism), thereby ensuring a net benefit to plant reproduction. A novel obligate, seed-parasitic pollination mutualism between two species of New Caledonian Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae), a close relative of Glochidion, and Epicephala moths (Gracillariidae) is an exception to this principle. The highly specialized flowers of Phyllanthus are actively and exclusively pollinated by species-specific Epicephala moths, whose larvae consume all six ovules of the developing fruit. Some flowers pollinated by the moths remain untouched, and thus a fraction of the fruits is left intact. Additional evidence for a similar association of Epicephala moths in other Phyllanthus species suggests that this interaction is a coevolved, species-specific pollination mutualism. Implications for the evolutionary stability of the system, as well as differences in mode of interaction with respect to the Glochidion-Epicephala mutualism, are discussed.