Face Patch Resting State Networks Link Face Processing to Social Cognition.
Face Patch Resting State Networks Link Face Processing to Social Cognition.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.1002245
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Freiwald WA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwiedrzik CM;Zarco W;Everling S;Freiwald WA
面孔传递着丰富的社会信息。这些信息是如何在面部处理中心和支持社会认知的大脑区域之间交换的，在很大程度上还不清楚。在这里，我们确定这些路线，在猕猴静息状态功能磁共振成像。我们发现面部区域在功能上与额叶、颞叶和顶叶皮质内的特定区域以及支持情感、记忆和认知功能的皮质下结构相连。这证明了猕猴存在一个扩展的面部识别系统。此外，猴子的面部斑块静息状态网络和默认模式网络显示出类似于人类社会脑和默认模式网络之间的重叠模式：这种重叠特别包括后上级颞沟、内侧顶叶和背内侧前额叶皮层，这些区域支持人类的高级社会认知。总之，这些结果揭示了面部区域嵌入到更大的大脑网络中，并表明面部补丁系统的静息状态网络为社会大脑的功能组织和可能独特的人类社会技能的进化提供了一个新的，易于访问的场所。对猴子大脑中涉及面部识别的区域的功能连接性的分析表明，面部的认知、记忆、情感和运动影响的基础，揭示了与人类大脑的惊人相似之处，并暗示了即使是最高层次的社会认知功能的深层进化遗产。灵长类动物已经进化到通过面部传递社会信息。大脑在哪里以及如何处理眼睛接收到的面部信息，我们现在已经很清楚了。然而，我们不知道这些信息是如何被其他大脑区域利用的，这样一张脸就可以唤起一种情绪，激活一个人的记忆，或者引起注意。在这里，为了识别与面部区域相互作用的大脑区域，我们对猕猴进行了全脑成像，我们最了解猕猴的面部处理系统。我们发现，核心面部处理区域与其他几个支持社交、情感和认知相关功能的大脑区域相连。它们共同形成了一个扩展的面部处理网络，类似于为人类提出的网络。这个扩展的面部处理网络与第二个大规模网络相交，即所谓的“默认模式网络”，其模式与人脑中的模式惊人地相似。这个交叉点有选择地识别出那些实现最高级形式的社会认知的大脑区域，例如理解他人的想法和感受。因此，这种理解社会大脑功能组织的新方法的结果指向人类社会认知能力的深层进化遗产。
Faces transmit a wealth of social information. How this information is exchanged between face-processing centers and brain areas supporting social cognition remains largely unclear. Here we identify these routes using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in macaque monkeys. We find that face areas functionally connect to specific regions within frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices, as well as subcortical structures supporting emotive, mnemonic, and cognitive functions. This establishes the existence of an extended face-recognition system in the macaque. Furthermore, the face patch resting state networks and the default mode network in monkeys show a pattern of overlap akin to that between the social brain and the default mode network in humans: this overlap specifically includes the posterior superior temporal sulcus, medial parietal, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, areas supporting high-level social cognition in humans. Together, these results reveal the embedding of face areas into larger brain networks and suggest that the resting state networks of the face patch system offer a new, easily accessible venue into the functional organization of the social brain and into the evolution of possibly uniquely human social skills. An analysis of the functional connectivity of regions of the monkey brain involved in face recognition suggests substrates for the cognitive, mnemonic, emotive, and motoric impact of faces, revealing striking similarities to the human brain, and implying a deep evolutionary heritage of even the most high-level sociocognitive functions. Primates have evolved to transmit social information through their faces. Where and how the brain processes facial information received by the eyes we now understand quite well. Yet we do not know how this information is made available to other brain areas so that a face can evoke an emotion, activate the memory of a person, or draw attention. Here, to identify brain regions interacting with face areas, we performed whole-brain imaging in macaque monkeys, whose face-processing system we know best. We find that the core face-processing areas are connected to several other brain areas supporting socially, emotionally, and cognitively relevant functions. Together, they form an extended face-processing network, similar to what has been proposed for humans. This extended face-processing network intersects with a second large-scale network, the so-called “default mode network”, in a pattern stunningly similar to that in the human brain. This intersection identifies selectively those brain regions that implement the most high-level forms of social cognition, such as understanding others’ thoughts and feelings. Thus, the results of this novel approach to understanding the functional organization of the social brain point to a deep evolutionary heritage of human abilities for social cognition.