The case for strategic and managed climate retreat
The case for strategic and managed climate retreat
复制标题
战略性和管理性气候撤退的案例
作者：
A. Siders;M. Hino;K. Mach
为什么、在哪里、何时和如何搬迁社区？面对全球变暖、海平面上升及其加剧的与气候相关的极端情况，问题不再是一些社区是否会撤退--将人和财产转移到不受伤害的地方--而是为什么、在哪里、何时以及如何撤退。在某种程度上，撤退已经在发生，它通常是临时的，专注于降低风险，而不是更广泛的社会目标。这也常常是不公平的，往往忽视留下的社区或那些接收撤退的人。撤退在很大程度上被视为最后的手段、适应的失败或一次性的紧急行动；因此，很少有研究专注于撤退，给从业者留下的指导很少。这种狭隘的退却概念限制了决策者对可用工具的认知，并抑制了创新。我们建议将撤退的概念重新定义为一套既有战略意义又有管理的适应选择。战略将撤退纳入长期发展目标，并确定为什么应该撤退，并在这样做的过程中影响地点和时间。管理层阐述了如何执行静修。通过将静养重新定义为一套用于实现社会目标的工具，社区和国家获得了更多的适应选择，并有更好的机会选择最有可能帮助其社区蓬勃发展的行动。
Why, where, when, and how should communities relocate? Faced with global warming, rising sea levels, and the climate-related extremes they intensify, the question is no longer whether some communities will retreat—moving people and assets out of harm's way—but why, where, when, and how they will retreat. To the extent that retreat is already happening, it is typically ad hoc and focused on risk reduction in isolation from broader societal goals. It is also frequently inequitable and often ignores the communities left behind or those receiving people who retreat. Retreat has been seen largely as a last resort, a failure to adapt, or a one-time emergency action; thus, little research has focused on retreat, leaving practitioners with little guidance. Such a narrow conception of retreat has limited decision-makers' perception of the tools available and stilted innovation. We propose a reconceptualization of retreat as a suite of adaptation options that are both strategic and managed. Strategy integrates retreat into long-term development goals and identifies why retreat should occur and, in doing so, influences where and when. Management addresses how retreat is executed. By reconceptualizing retreat as a set of tools used to achieve societal goals, communities and nations gain additional adaptation options and a better chance of choosing the actions most likely to help their communities thrive.