An eco-friendly solution for liquid phase exfoliation of graphite under optimised ultrasonication conditions
An eco-friendly solution for liquid phase exfoliation of graphite under optimised ultrasonication conditions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.carbon.2022.12.070
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发表时间：
2023-01-04
期刊：
影响因子：
10.9
通讯作者：
Tzanakis, Iakovos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morton, Justin A.;Kaur, Amanpreet;Tzanakis, Iakovos
超声辅助液相剥离（ULPE）是一种很有前途的大规模制备二维材料的方法。目前，有毒溶剂如N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）通常用于生产石墨烯。本文介绍了四种溶剂;对三种绿色溶剂（水、乙醇和水/乙醇）加NMP进行超声处理，并根据它们的气泡动力学和声发射进行检测。使用与声压测量同步的高速成像进行了高级基本分析，并辅以发射冲击波的阴影摄影，以便从空化气泡动力学角度确定合适的环保溶剂介质。此后，在受控的超声处理参数下，石墨在最佳溶剂中的ULPE发生2小时。所产生的石墨烯样品的特征在于采用一系列的技术组成的紫外-可见光（UV-Vis）和拉曼光谱以及透射电子显微镜（TEM）。去离子水和乙醇的混合物显示出产生两倍于纯水的产率，其包含高质量的少层石墨烯（3- 5Ls），平均面积为~ 1.15（μ m）2，并且在六个月的持续时间内稳定性为~ 78%。这种组合是未来石墨烯商业制造的一种有前途的环保替代品。
Ultrasonic assisted liquid phase exfoliation (ULPE) is a promising method for the large scale production of 2D materials. Currently, toxic solvents such as N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) are commonly used for the production of graphene. In this paper four solvents; three green solvents (water, ethanol and water/ethanol) plus NMP for comparison, were sonicated and examined in terms of their bubble dynamics and acoustic emissions. Advanced fundamental analysis was conducted using high-speed imaging synchronised with acoustic pressure measurements complemented by shadowgraphic photography of the emitted shockwaves, in order to determine a suitable eco-friendly solvent medium from a cavitation bubbles dynamics perspective. Thereafter, ULPE of graphite in the optimum solvent took place for 2 h under controlled ultrasonication parameters. The produced graphene samples were characterised by employing a series of techniques consisting of Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Raman spectroscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A mixture of deionised water and ethanol was shown to produce a yield twice that of pure water, comprising of high quality few layer graphene (3-5 Ls) with an average area of-1.15 (mu m)2 and stability of-78% for the duration of six months. This combination is a promising eco-friendly substitute for future commercial manufacturing of graphene.