How much electrical energy storage do we need? A synthesis for the US, Europe, and Germany
How much electrical energy storage do we need? A synthesis for the US, Europe, and Germany
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.144
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发表时间：
2018-04-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Mancarella, Pierluigi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cebulla, Felix;Haas, Jannik;Mancarella, Pierluigi
电能存储（EES）是未来低碳能源系统的一种有前途的灵活性来源。在过去的几年里，已经产生了许多关于EES容量规划的研究。然而，这导致对存储的电力和能源容量要求非常广泛，使得政策制定者难以确定明确的存储规划建议。因此，我们研究了17项最近与美国相关的存储扩展研究，欧洲和德国。然后，我们系统化了每个可变可再生能源（VRE）份额和发电技术的存储需求。我们的合成表明，随着VRE份额的增加，EES功率容量线性增加;能量容量呈指数增长。此外，通过分析异常值，EES能量要求可以至少减半。很明显，以光伏能源为主的电网需要更多的EES，而大部分风能则更多地依赖于输电能力。考虑到能源结构，在很大程度上澄清了现有研究之间的存储要求的明显冲突。最后，可能存在对存储的负面偏见，因为传输成本往往是乐观的（通过忽视执行延迟和社会反对）和存储可以应对不确定性，但这些问题很少在规划过程中得到承认。(c)2018爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有
Electrical energy storage (EES) is a promising flexibility source for prospective low-carbon energy systems. In the last couple of years, many studies for EES capacity planning have been produced. However, these resulted in a very broad range of power and energy capacity requirements for storage, making it difficult for policymakers to identify clear storage planning recommendations. Therefore, we studied 17 recent storage expansion studies pertinent to the U.S., Europe, and Germany. We then systemized the storage requirement per variable renewable energy (VRE) share and generation technology. Our synthesis reveals that with increasing VRE shares, the EES power capacity increases linearly; and the energy capacity, exponentially. Further, by analyzing the outliers, the EES energy requirements can be at least halved. It becomes clear that grids dominated by photovoltaic energy call for more EES, while large shares of wind rely more on transmission capacity. Taking into account the energy mix clarifies to a large degree the apparent conflict of the storage requirements between the existing studies. Finally, there might exist a negative bias towards storage because transmission costs are frequently optimistic (by neglecting execution delays and social opposition) and storage can cope with uncertainties, but these issues are rarely acknowledged in the planning process. (c) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.