MANUAL TRACKING OF VISUAL TARGETS BY TRAINED MONKEYS
MANUAL TRACKING OF VISUAL TARGETS BY TRAINED MONKEYS
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DOI：
10.1016/0166-4328(86)90003-3
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发表时间：
1986-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
STEIN, JF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MIALL, RC;WEIR, DJ;STEIN, JF
猴子被训练使用手持操纵杆跟踪移动的视觉目标。他们的视觉系统的整体频率响应是使用正弦目标波形来确定的。它们的响应可以近似地由线性前馈模型表示，该线性前馈模型由具有附加150 ms时间延迟的0.9 Hz低通滤波器组成。然而，猴子通常通过间歇性地移动操纵杆来跟踪目标。因此，它们的响应更真实地建模为具有250-280 ms环路延迟的非线性采样反馈模型。间歇性允许猴子实现良好的频率响应并保持跟踪稳定性，尽管不可约的视觉环路延迟为250-300 ms。当跟踪伪随机波形时，猴子的运动主要由位置误差控制。但是，当跟踪可预测的正弦曲线时，每个运动的幅度和速度不仅仅由位置误差决定。相反，猴子利用目标前馈，以及目标波形的内部模型，以提高其跟踪性能。前馈控制占主导地位的反馈控制在高的目标频率，这表明猴子不能模型的目标与长周期周期。
Monkeys were trained to track moving visual targets using a hand-held joystick. The overall frequency response of their visuomotor system was determined using sinusoidal target waveforms. Their responses could be approximately represented by a linear feedforward model consisting of a 0.9 Hz low-pass filter with an additional 150 ms time delay. However, the monkeys normally tracked the target by making intermittent movements of the joystick. Thus, their responses were more realistically modelled as a non-linear sampled feedback model with a loop delay of 250-280 ms. Intermittency allows the monkeys to achieve a good frequency response and maintain tracking stability despite an irreducible visuomotor loop delay of 250-300 ms. When tracking pseudorandom waveforms the monkey''s movements were mainly controlled by positional error. But when tracking predictable sinusoids the amplitude and velocity of each movement was not solely determined by positional error. Instead the monkeys made use of target feedforward, and also internal models of the target waveform, in order to improve their tracking performance. Feedforward control dominated feedback control at high target frequencies, suggesting that the monkeys cannot model targets with long cycle periods.