Dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum identified as the causative organism of pinnatoxins in Australia, New Zealand and Japan
Dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum identified as the causative organism of pinnatoxins in Australia, New Zealand and Japan
复制标题
DOI：
10.2216/11-19.1
复制
发表时间：
2011-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Hallegraeff, Gustaaf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rhodes, Lesley;Smith, Kirsty;Hallegraeff, Gustaaf
首先通过系统光镜-质谱仪(LC-MS)对新西兰甲藻分离株进行鉴定，确定了品纳毒素E和F的产生者。随后在南澳大利亚(AUS)分离株中检测到品纳毒素E、F和G，最近从日本冲绳鉴定出一株品纳毒素G产生者。新西兰、澳大利亚和日本的分离物似乎在形态上与最近被描述为Vulcanodines rugoum的地中海现场样本相同。活动型(长24-32毫米，宽20-30毫米)有一个宽的、切开很深的扣带，移位17%的细胞长度和一个深沟。光合作用运动细胞具有相同的独特的顶孔复合体，具有突起的领子和短管板。网状的鞘纹饰类似于Bysmatrum，因为三个夹板是相连的。后槽板Sp不与扣带相接触(如双齿目、五指目和脊索目)。NZ、AUS和日本分离株的平板配方为Po，X，4‘，3a，7’‘，6c(5c+T)，5s，5“’，2‘。主要的非运动性生活史阶段由棕色到黑色、球形、无装饰、无钙的分裂细胞组成(直径30-35微米)。从基因上讲，这些分离物都属于Peridiniales，与石斑菌属、五角藻属、线虫属和Scrippsiella属关系密切。大亚基(LSU)rDNA和内部转录间隔区(ITS)序列彼此之间以及与法国野外材料(分别为96-97%的LSU和84-88%的ITS相似性)显示出序列差异。这种变异和品纳毒素图谱的差异表明可能存在物种复合体。
The producers of pinnatoxins E and F were first identified through systematic light microscopy-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) screening of New Zealand (NZ) dinoflagellate isolates. Pinnatoxins E, F and G were subsequently detected for South Australian (AUS) isolates, and a pinnatoxin G producer was recently identified from Okinawa, Japan. The NZ, AUS and Japanese isolates appear morphologically identical to Mediterranean field samples recently described as Vulcanodinium rugosum. Motile forms (24-32 mm long, 20-30 mm wide) have a wide, deeply incised cingulum displaced by 17% of the cell length and a deep sulcus. Photosynthetic motile cells have the same distinctive apical pore complex with raised collar and short canal plate. The reticulate thecal ornamentation resembles that of Bysmatrum because the three intercalary plates are connected. The posterior sulcal plate Sp does not touch the cingulum (as in Bysmatrum, Pentapharsodinium and Ensiculifera). The plate formula for the NZ, AUS and Japanese isolates is Po, X, 4', 3a, 7 '', 6c (5c + T), 5s, 5"', 2 ''''. The dominant non-motile life-cycle stage comprises clusters of brown to black, spherical, unornamented, non-calcareous division cells (30-35 mu m diameter). Genetically these isolates fall within the Peridiniales, closely related to the calciodinellid genera, Pentapharsodinium, Ensiculifera and Scrippsiella. The large subunit (LSU) rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences exhibit sequence differences compared to each other and to the French field material (96-97% LSU and 84-88% ITS similarity, respectively). This variation and pinnatoxin profile differences suggest a possible species complex.