Geophagy and heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) content of local kaolin varieties in the Cameroon market: assessment indices for contamination and risk of consumption or toxicity to the population.
Geophagy and heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) content of local kaolin varieties in the Cameroon market: assessment indices for contamination and risk of consumption or toxicity to the population.
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DOI：
10.3923/jms.2015.1.9
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lantum, D. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bonglaisin, J. N.;Mbofung, C. M. F.;Lantum, D. N.
本研究旨在了解喀麦隆最常见高岭土的开采分布、销售和消费情况，确定销售点当地高岭土品种中的铅、镉和汞含量，并观察污染可能性。初步问卷调查，以确定一些人体测量参数和消费率的1102人从国际大都市。还向所访问市场的122名供应商发放了更详细的问卷。要求提供的资料包括：高岭土的市场状况和消费率、采购来源、对高岭土禁令的认识、高岭土消费的原因、每天消费的数量和最常见的品种。结果表明，不同颜色高岭土（粉红色、白色、黄色、灰色、绿色和多色）受Pb、Cd和Hg污染的程度不成比例，其中灰色高岭土最常见，消费最广泛。随着灰色铅和镉从采矿场运往市场，铅和镉也受到污染。高岭土开采地之间铅、镉和汞含量差异无统计学意义。这些差异在市场上具有统计学显著性（p=0.0007）。铅和镉的平均值在采矿点和市场之间的差异是显着的，而汞是不显着的。开采后的污染、健康风险和潜在毒性指数表明，灰色高岭土开采后受到Pb和Cd的污染，高岭土消费者对Pb、Cd和Hg的毒性具有较高的风险。
This study was conducted to profile the mining distribution, sale and consumption of most common kaolin in Cameroon, to determine the levels of Pb, Cd and Hg in local kaolin varieties at the sale points and to observed contamination possibilities. Preliminary questionnaires were administered to 1102 individuals from cosmopolitan cities, to determine some anthropometric parameters and consumption rate. A more detailed questionnaire was also administered to 122 vendors in the markets visited. Information requested included: Market situation of kaolin and consumption rate, source of procurement, awareness of the ban passed on kaolin, reasons for kaolin consumption, quantity consumed per day and most common variety. Results show that varieties (pink, white, yellow, grey, green and multicoloured) of kaolin are contaminated with Pb, Cd and Hg in a disproportionate manner, with the grey kaolin being the commonest and the most widely consumed variety. Additional contamination occurs for Pb and Cd as the grey variety is conveyed from the mining sites to the markets. Differences in Pb, Cd and Hg contents amongst the mining sites of kaolin were statistically insignificant. These differences were statistically significant for markets (p=0.0007). Differences between Pb and Cd mean values at mining sites and markets are significant while that for Hg were insignificant. Post mining contamination, health risk and potential toxicity indices revealed that grey kaolin is contaminated by Pb and Cd after mining and consumers of kaolin will have high risk to toxicity of Pb, Cd and Hg.