Considering evolutionary processes in cycad conservation: identification of evolutionarily significant units within Dioon sonorense (Zamiaceae) in northwestern Mexico
Considering evolutionary processes in cycad conservation: identification of evolutionarily significant units within Dioon sonorense (Zamiaceae) in northwestern Mexico
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DOI：
10.1007/s10592-018-1079-2
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
José Said Gutiérrez‐Ortega;Karen Jiménez-Cedillo;M. A. Pérez‐Farrera;A. Vovides;J. F. Martínez;F. Molina-Frea
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文献类型：
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作者：
José Said Gutiérrez‐Ortega;Karen Jiménez-Cedillo;M. A. Pérez‐Farrera;A. Vovides;J. F. Martínez;F. Molina-Frea
苏铁植物被认为是地球上最受威胁的植物群。因此，识别重要的生物单位进行保护对于其管理和保护至关重要。分类学研究对苏铁的保护做出了巨大贡献，因为物种描述正式承认了可以在保护中考虑的生物多样性组成部分。然而，由于评估苏铁物种内生物多样性的多学科研究几乎不存在，因此在制定保护计划时并未考虑种内进化重要单位（ESU）。苏铁Dioon sonorense（Zamiaceae）在墨西哥西北部沿植被梯度分布范围相对较广：苏铁的南部种群。索诺兰种群出现在热带森林中，而北部种群则出现在索诺兰沙漠的干旱环境中。尽管这两种栖息地都可能促进了 D. 内重要的进化趋势。索诺伦斯，只有南部种群得到保护。在这里，我们评估了 D. 群体之间是否存在内在分化。声诺龙是否存在，以及北方种群是否值得在保护计划中受到关注。我们分析了全基因组基因座的变异，以评估六个种群之间的遗传结构。我们发现了两个簇，即北部和南部，可以使用 361 个中性基因座进行识别。这种遗传结构与从16个大形态性状和9个表皮性状的变异中观察到的分化是一致的。南部和北部地区在遗传、形态和解剖学分析上存在明显差异。这些多学科研究结果表明，D. 最北端的种群。 sonorense 代表应纳入保护计划的 ESU。这项研究强调，对种内变异的评估可能有助于苏铁保护的有效策略，并且在划定保护单位时应考虑进化过程。
Cycads are considered to be the most threatened plant group on Earth. Thus, the identification of important biological units for conservation is crucial for their management and protection. Taxonomic studies have enormously contributed to cycad conservation, since species descriptions formally recognize biodiversity components that can be considered in conservation. However, because multidisciplinary studies that evaluate the biodiversity within cycad species are almost non-existent intraspecific evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) have not been considered when making conservation plans. The cycadDioon sonorense(Zamiaceae) has a relatively wide distribution range along a vegetation gradient in Northwest Mexico: the southern populations ofD. sonorenseoccur in tropical forests, whereas the northern populations occur in more xeric environments in the Sonoran Desert. Although both habitats might have promoted important evolutionary trends withinD. sonorense, only the southern populations are being conserved. Here, we evaluated whether intrinsic differentiation among populations ofD. sonorenseexists, and whether northern populations may merit attention in conservation programs. We analyzed the variation of genome-wide loci to evaluate the genetic structure among six populations. We found two clusters, northern and southern, that can be recognized using 361 neutral loci. Such genetic structure is consistent with the differentiation observed from the variation of 16 macromorphological and 9 epidermal traits. Southern and northern regions are clearly differentiated in genetic, morphological and anatomical analyses. These multidisciplinary results suggest that the northernmost populations ofD. sonorenserepresent an ESU that should be included in conservation programs. This study highlights that the evaluation of intraspecific variation may contribute effective strategies for cycad conservation, and that evolutionary processes should be considered in the delimitation of conservation units.