A latitudinal cline in flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana modulated by the flowering time gene FRIGIDA
A latitudinal cline in flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana modulated by the flowering time gene FRIGIDA
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0306401101
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发表时间：
2004-03-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Schmitt, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stinchcombe, JR;Weinig, C;Schmitt, J
由于促进开花的环境因素随着纬度的变化而系统性地变化，人们普遍预测拟南芥在开花时间上存在纬向变化，但缺乏证据证明这种纬向变化。在这里，我们报告的证据表明，在生态现实条件下，在普通园林环境中生长的70种北欧和地中海生态型的开花时间存在显著的纬度变化。然而，检测到的突变仅在开花时间基因FRIGIDA （FRI）的等位基因缺乏破坏蛋白质功能的主要缺失的生态型中发现，而在含有此类缺失的FRI等位基因的材料中，开花时间与起源纬度之间没有关系。对气候数据的分析表明，具有功能性FRI的材料的开花时间较晚与原产地1月降水减少有关，这与之前报道的拟南芥水分利用效率与开花时间之间的正遗传相关以及FRI提高水分利用效率的多效性一致。在南方纬度采集的材料中，我们发现在冬季条件下，相对于非功能性FRI材料，假定功能性FRI等位基因与加速开花相关。这些结果表明，FRI赋予春化需求的生态功能在纬度上是不同的。更一般地说，我们的研究结果表明，通过结合生态和分子遗传学数据，有可能在特定位点的水平上理解作用于生活史转变的力量。
A latitudinal cline in flowering time in accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana has been widely predicted because the environmental cues that promote flowering vary systematically with latitude, but evidence for such clines has been lacking. Here, we report evidence of a significant latitudinal cline in flowering time among 70 Northern European and Mediterranean ecotypes when grown under ecologically realistic conditions in a common garden environment. The detected cline, however, is found only in ecotypes with alleles of the flowering time gene FRIGIDA (FRI) that lack major deletions that would disrupt protein function, whereas there is no relationship between flowering time and latitude of origin among accessions with FRI alleles containing such deletions. Analysis of climatological data suggests that late flowering in accessions with putatively functional FRI was associated with reduced January precipitation at the site of origin, consistent with previous reports of a positive genetic correlation between water use efficiency and flowering time in Arabidopsis, and the pleiotropic effects of FRI of increasing water use efficiency. In accessions collected from Southern latitudes, we detected that putatively functional FRI alleles were associated with accelerated flowering relative to accessions with nonfunctional FRI under the winter conditions of our experiment. These results suggest that the ecological function of the vernalization requirement conferred by FRI differs across latitudes. More generally, our results indicate that by combining ecological and molecular genetic data, it is possible to understand the forces acting on life history transitions at the level of specific loci.