Different patterns of oviposition learning in two closely related ectoparasitoid wasps with contrasting reproductive strategies
Different patterns of oviposition learning in two closely related ectoparasitoid wasps with contrasting reproductive strategies
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DOI：
10.1007/s00114-012-1001-6
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Sasakawa;Kenta Uchijima;H. Shibao;M. Shimada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Sasakawa;Kenta Uchijima;H. Shibao;M. Shimada
许多拟寄生蜂学习与寄主相关的线索，并在随后的寄主搜索行为中使用它们。这种联想学习，即“产卵学习”，已经在许多研究中进行了调查。然而，很少有多种比较的研究，也没有对类外寄生蜂进行比较研究。本研究比较了两种亲缘关系较近、生殖策略不同的异翅寄生蜂（Anisopteromalus calandrae, r- strategy）及其兄弟种（k - strategy）的产卵学习对寄主偏好和后代性别比的影响。以中国卡洛索布鲁库斯（Callosobruchus chinensis）和斑点卡洛索布鲁库斯（Callosobruchus maculatusus）两种寄主为研究对象，在高、低寄主密度下进行了产卵选择实验。两种昆虫对后代性别比均无显著影响，但对寄主偏好的影响存在差异。在a .calandrae中，只有在高寄主密度下才检测到这种效应，这表明产卵学习在近距离宿主识别中起作用，而在远距离宿主识别中不起作用。在兄弟物种中，这些影响在任何情况下都没有被检测到，这表明没有产卵学习。这些结果与以往对类内寄生蜂的比较研究结果一致，即一生中产卵经验少和/或每次觅食决策的低回报导致产卵学习能力低或缺乏。这一发现可能表明，影响学习能力的生态性状在拟内寄生蜂和拟外寄生蜂之间是相似的。因此，本研究为研究寄生蜂的学习和记忆动力学提供了另一种模型系统。
Many parasitoid wasps learn host-associated cues and use them in subsequent host-searching behavior. This associative learning, namely “oviposition learning,” has been investigated in many studies. However, few studies have compared multiple species, and no comparative study has previously been conducted on ectoparasitoid species. We compared the effects of oviposition learning on host preference and offspring sex ratio in two closely related ectoparasitoid wasps with contrasting reproductive strategies,Anisopteromalus calandrae(r-strategist) and its sibling species (K-strategist). Using two bruchine hosts,Callosobruchus chinensisandCallosobruchus maculatuslarvae infesting the cowpeaVigna unguiculata, oviposition choice experiments were performed at high and low host densities. In both species, no conspicuous effect on the offspring sex ratio was detected, but effects on host preference were found to differ between the species. InA.calandrae, the effects were detected only at high host density, suggesting that oviposition learning plays a role in host discrimination from a short distance but not from a long distance. In the sibling species, those effects were not detected in any of the cases, suggesting the absence of oviposition learning. These results are compatible with those of previous comparative studies of endoparasitoid wasps in that few lifetime oviposition experiences and/or low reward per foraging decision result in low or absent oviposition learning ability. This finding may indicate that ecological traits contributing to learning ability are similar between endoparasitoid and ectoparasitoid wasps. Thus, our species comparison of ectoparasitoids provides another model system for investigating learning and memory dynamics in parasitoid wasps.