A Framework for Solving Explicit Arithmetic Word Problems and Proving Plane Geometry Theorems

A Framework for Solving Explicit Arithmetic Word Problems and Proving Plane Geometry Theorems
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解决显式算术应用题和证明平面几何定理的框架

DOI:
10.1142/s0218001419400056
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发表时间:
2019-06
影响因子:
1.5
通讯作者:
Ye Nan
Ye Nan
中科院分区:
计算机科学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Yu Xinguo;Wang Mingshu;Gan Wenbin;He Bin;Ye Nan

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本文提出了一个解决用自然语言 (NL) 表述的数学问题的框架,并应用该框架来开发解决显式算术问题和证明平面几何定理的算法。我们专注于问题理解,即将数学问题的 NL 描述转换为形式表示。我们将其视为关系提取问题,并采用贪心算法使用语法语义模型来提取数学关系,该模型是描述句法模式如何映射到其形式语义的一组模式。我们的方法产生了一种人类可读的解决方案,展示了如何一次提取一个数学关系。我们应用我们的框架来解决算术应用问题并证明平面几何定理。对于算术应用题,将提取的关系转化为方程组,然后求解方程以产生解。对于平面几何定理,这些提取的关系被输入推理系统以生成证明。我们在一组用中文表述的算术应用题和两组用中文和英文表述的平面几何定理上评估了我们的方法。我们的算法在这些数据集上实现了高精度,并且还表现出了一些理想的特性,例如算法描述的简洁性和算法操作的易读性。
This paper presents a framework for solving math problems stated in a natural language (NL) and applies the framework to develop algorithms for solving explicit arithmetic word problems and proving plane geometry theorems. We focus on problem understanding, that is, the transformation of a NL description of a math problem to a formal representation. We view this as a relation extraction problem, and adopt a greedy algorithm to extract the mathematical relations using a syntax-semantics model, which is a set of patterns describing how a syntactic pattern is mapped to its formal semantics. Our method yields a human readable solution that shows how the mathematical relations are extracted one at a time. We apply our framework to solve arithmetic word problems and prove plane geometry theorems. For arithmetic word problems, the extracted relations are transformed into a system of equations, and the equations are then solved to produce the solution. For plane geometry theorems, these extracted relations are input to an inference system to generate the proof. We evaluate our approach on a set of arithmetic word problems stated in Chinese, and two sets of plane geometry theorems stated in Chinese and English. Our algorithms achieve high accuracies on these datasets and they also show some desirable properties such as brevity of algorithm description and legibility of algorithm actions.
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