GONADAL-STEROID MODULATION OF VASOPRESSIN PATHWAYS
GONADAL-STEROID MODULATION OF VASOPRESSIN PATHWAYS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb34369.x
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发表时间：
1992-06-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
ALSHAMMA, HA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DEVRIES, GJ;CRENSHAW, BJ;ALSHAMMA, HA
性腺类固醇深刻地影响大脑的心理和行为。在发育过程中，这些激素决定了大脑是否会以典型的男性或女性方式运作。在成年期，环境诱导或内源性编程的性腺类固醇水平变化影响行为的类固醇敏感功能。Is2性腺类固醇的这些作用为研究结构与功能之间的关系提供了有价值的工具，因为类固醇敏感功能的性别分化可以与这些功能中涉及的结构的性别分化进行比较。此外，激素诱导的结构和功能变化可以在成年动物中进行比较。这样的对比让我们了解了性腺激素是如何在发育过程中塑造大脑，并在成年后帮助大脑产生与性和环境条件相关的功能和行为的。许多性别差异确实被发现，例如，在特定核的大小，突触连接的密度，或树突或轴突分支的范围，在涉及类固醇敏感功能的区域，如内侧视前区。由于这些区域中的大多数是异质组成的，人们想要确定哪些特定的细胞成分是性别分化的。根据神经递质含量对不同的神经系统进行分类已经被证明是一种非常有效的方法来揭示各种两性二态结构^。^这篇综述将集中在两性二态的抗利尿激素通路上，这为性腺激素如何引起神经组织的性别分化以及这些激素如何影响神经通路从而影响成年期的大脑生理和行为提供了清晰的例子。
Gonadal steroids profoundly influence brain psychology and behavior. During development, these hormones determine whether brains will function in a typical male or female fashion. In adulthood, environmentally induced or endogenously programmed changes in gonadal steroid levels influence steroid-sensitive functions of behaviors. Is2 These actions of gonadal steroids provide valuable tools in relating structure to function, since sexual differentiation of steroid-sensitive functions can be compared with sexual differentiation of structures implicated in these functions. In addition, hormonally induced changes in structure and function can be compared in adult animals. Such comparisons have given insight as to how gonadal steroids mold the brain during development and in adulthood help it generate functions and behaviors relevant to sex and environmental condition. Numerous sex differences have indeed been found, for example, in the size of particular nuclei, the density of synaptic connections, or the extent of dendritic or axonal branching, in areas implicated in steroid-sensitive functions,-’such as in the medial preoptic area. 4 As most of these areas are heterogeneously composed, one would like to identify which particular cellular elements are sexually differentiated. Sorting the various neuronal systems by their neurotransmitter content has proven to be a very fruitful way to unravel various sexually dimorphic structure^.^ This review will focus on sexually dimorphic vasopressin pathways that provide clear examples of how gonadal steroids may cause sexual differentiation of neural tissue and how these hormones affect neural pathways to influence brain physiology and behavior in adulthood.