RNA Polymerase III Advances: Structural and tRNA Functional Views.
RNA Polymerase III Advances: Structural and tRNA Functional Views.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tibs.2016.03.003
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Maraia RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arimbasseri AG;Maraia RJ
真核生物中的RNA合成分为三种RNA聚合酶（RNAP）。RNAP III转录数百个tRNA基因和更少的其他短RNA基因。我们调查最近的工作转录RNAP III，包括原子结构，作用机制，与染色质和逆转录酶的相互作用，以及其活性和tRNA修饰，增强mRNA解码之间的保守联系。其他新的工作表明，重要的机制连接到氧化应激，自身免疫和癌症，胚胎干细胞多能性，和组织特异性发育的影响。我们认为，对于其复杂的功能，RNAP III活性水平的变化导致tRNA库的不均匀变化，这可以改变关键密码子偏向mRNA的翻译谱，从而产生表型或疾病状态。
RNA synthesis in eukaryotes is divided among three RNA polymerases (RNAP). RNAP III transcribes hundreds of tRNA genes and fewer additional short RNA genes. We survey recent work on transcription by RNAP III including an atomic structure, mechanisms of action, interactions with chromatin and retroposons, and a conserved link between its activity and a tRNA modification that enhances mRNA decoding. Other new work suggests important mechanistic connections to oxidative stress, autoimmunity and cancer, embryonic stem cell pluripotency, and tissue-specific developmental effects. We consider that, for some of its complex functions, variation in RNAP III activity levels lead to nonuniform changes in tRNA pools that can shift the translation profiles of key codon-biased mRNAs with resultant phenotypes or disease states.