Fragmented woodlands in agricultural landscapes: The influence of woodland character and landscape context on bats and their insect prey
Fragmented woodlands in agricultural landscapes: The influence of woodland character and landscape context on bats and their insect prey
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DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2013.03.019
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Park, Kirsty J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fuentes-Montemayor, Elisa;Goulson, Dave;Park, Kirsty J.
农业扩张导致了栖息地的广泛破坏和支离破碎的景观的产生。林地因栖息地丧失而受到严重影响；剩余的林地往往高度破碎和退化，沉浸在农业基质中。林地是蝙蝠最重要的栖息地之一，因为它为许多物种提供了栖息和进食的机会。许多农业环境计划旨在增加农田林地的数量和质量；然而，人们对林地特征与蝙蝠丰度/活动之间的关系知之甚少，而且关于林地创建和管理蝙蝠觅食的建议也很少。我们研究了温带蝙蝠群落，并使用两种互补方法（声学监测和声诱剂辅助诱捕）检查了农业景观中 34 个林地片段中的蝙蝠觅食活动和相对丰度（以及昆虫猎物可用性）。我们评估了林地植被特征、斑块配置和周围景观的相对重要性，以评估局部与景观规模林地管理对蝙蝠种群的重要性。蝙蝠的丰度和活动受到当地和景观层面属性的影响。在局部尺度上，林地植被特征似乎比斑块配置更重要。空中小贩（例如 Pipistrellus 物种）的高活动水平与低树木密度和开放的林下植被有关，而拾穗物种（例如鼠耳蝠）则表现出相反的趋势。植被杂乱的区域与昆虫（主要是双翅目）丰度较高有关，并且可能成为某些蝙蝠物种的猎物来源。蝙蝠对周围景观的反应取决于物种的流动性。对于流动性相对较低的物种（例如 Pipistrellus pygmaeus），当地林地特征比景观环境更重要，而对于流动性较高的物种（例如 Pipistrellus pipistrellus 和鼠耳蝠）则观察到相反的情况。在小而孤立的林地碎片以及树木稀疏的景观中观察到较高的蝙蝠活动水平。这可能反映了在栖息地稀缺的景观中对林地的更密集利用，应优先考虑林地的创造。林地管理和创建计划应鼓励栖息地异质性，以满足不同蝙蝠物种的需求。 (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Agricultural expansion has led to the widespread destruction of habitats and the creation of fragmented landscapes. Woodland has been severely affected by habitat loss; remaining woodland is often highly fragmented and degraded, immersed in an agricultural matrix. Woodland is one of the most important habitats for bats because it offers roosting and feeding opportunities for many species. A number of agri-environment schemes aim to increase the amount and quality of woodland on agricultural land; however, little is known about how woodland character relates to bat abundance/activity and recommendations for woodland creation and management for foraging bats are scarce. We studied temperate bat communities and examined bat foraging activity and relative abundance (and insect prey availability) in 34 woodland fragments in agricultural landscapes using two complementary methods (acoustic monitoring and trapping assisted by an acoustic lure). We evaluated the relative importance of woodland vegetation character, patch configuration and surrounding landscape in order to assess the importance of local- vs. landscape-scale woodland management to bat populations. Bat abundance and activity were influenced by both local and landscape-level attributes. At the local scale, woodland vegetation character appeared more important than patch configuration. High activity levels of aerial hawkers (e.g. Pipistrellus species) were related to low tree densities and an open understory, while gleaning species (e.g. Myotis bats) showed the opposite trend. Areas of cluttered vegetation were associated with high insect (mostly Diptera) abundance and could act as sources of prey for certain bat species. Bats' responses to the surrounding landscape depended on species mobility. For relatively low mobility species (e.g. Pipistrellus pygmaeus), local woodland character was more important than the landscape context, whereas the opposite was observed for higher mobility species (e.g. Pipistrellus pipistrellus and Myotis bats). Higher bat activity levels were observed in small and isolated woodland fragments, and in sparsely wooded landscapes. This may reflect a more intensive use of woodland in landscapes where this habitat is scarce, where woodland creation should be prioritised. Woodland management and creation schemes should encourage habitat heterogeneity to fulfil the requirements of different bat species. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.