Parasites delay worker reproduction in bumblebees - consequences for eusociality
Parasites delay worker reproduction in bumblebees - consequences for eusociality
复制标题
寄生虫延迟大黄蜂工蜂的繁殖——对社会性的影响
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Schmid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Shykoff;P. Schmid
真社会性昆虫中的工蚁通常会照顾蚁后的后代，从而通过帮助亲属繁殖来获得下一代的代表权。然而，一些社会性物种的工蜂，例如大黄蜂，即使在蜂王存在的情况下（在蜂王右蜂群中）也能够进行繁殖活动，而且工蜂的繁殖与攻击性行为和食卵行为有关，这两者都会降低蜂群效率。因此，影响工蚁卵巢发育（繁殖的先决条件）的因素可以影响社会和谐和群体生产力。寄生虫是所有生物体生物环境中普遍存在的重要组成部分。在这里，我们表明寄生虫在熊蜂王后右群中工蜂的生殖生理学中发挥着重要作用，影响卵巢发育和产卵的模式和时间。来自被肠道锥虫寄生的蜂群的工蜂的卵巢发育程度低于来自未寄生蜂群的同龄工蜂。此外，在菌落发育的前半部分，被寄生的菌落比未寄生的菌落小。这产生了进一步的人口统计影响，使得在工蜂产卵开始时，被寄生的蜂群中的工蜂平均比未被寄生的蜂群中的工蜂更年轻，而在被寄生的蜂群中，工蜂的产卵发生得明显晚一些。因此，与未寄生蜂群中的工蚁相比，被寄生蜂群中的工蜂个体繁殖潜力较低，并且在蜂群周期中的合作比例更大。在这个系统中，寄生虫在年份之间的传播可能只发生在受感染的年轻蜂王中，这种效应可能代表寄生虫的适应，以确保其成功度过冬天。寄生虫通过降低工蚁合作成本，可能有助于蚁后对其工蚁的控制，并在调节真社会性昆虫群体的社会组织方面发挥重要作用。 [行为生态学 1991；2:242-248]
Workers in eusocial insects usually tend the brood of the queen and so achieve representation in the next generation through aiding relatives to reproduce. However, workers of some eusocial species, such as bumblebees, are capable of reproductive activity even in the presence of the queen (in queen-right colonies), and worker reproduction is associated with aggressive behaviors and egg cannibalism, both of which reduce colony efficiency. Thus, factors that affect worker ovarian development, a precondition for reproduction, can influence social harmony and colony productivity. Parasites are a ubiquitous and important part of the biotic environment of all organisms. Here we show that parasites play an important role in the reproductive physiology of worker bumblebees in queen-right colonies of Bombus terrestris, affecting the pattern and timing of ovarian development and oviposition. Workers from colonies parasitized with the intestinal trypanosome Crithidia bombi had less developed ovaries than workers of the same age from unparasitized colonies. In addition, parasitized colonies were smaller than unparasitized colonies for about the first half of colony development. This generated further demographic effects such that workers were on average younger in parasitized than in unparasitized colonies around the time of the onset of worker oviposition, and worker oviposition occurred significantly later in parasitized colonies. Workers in parasitized colonies therefore had lower individual reproductive potential and were cooperative for a larger proportion of the colony cycle than those in unparasitized colonies. In this system, where transmission of the parasite between years probably occurs only in infested, young queens, this effect may represent an adaptation on the part of the parasite to ensure its successful passage through the winter. Parasites, by reducing the cost of worker cooperation, may facilitate queen control over her worker force and play an important role in moderating the social organization of eusocial insect colonies. [Behav Ecol 1991;2:242-248]