Investigation on the direct radiative effect of fossil fuel black-carbon aerosol over China
Investigation on the direct radiative effect of fossil fuel black-carbon aerosol over China
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DOI：
10.1007/s00704-010-0341-4
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发表时间：
2011-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
B. Zhuang;F. Jiang;Tijian Wang;Shu Li;B. Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Zhuang;F. Jiang;Tijian Wang;Shu Li;B. Zhu
在中国，由于早期缺乏全国范围的黑碳（BC）监测和粗略的排放清单，其负荷、直接辐射强迫（DRF）和气候响应的估算存在很大的不确定性。在这里，我们应用最新的排放清单BC在2006年调查其负载，光学厚度（AOD）在550 nm和DRF使用耦合区域气候化学模拟系统（RegCCMS）。最先进的空气质量模型（WRF/Chem）也被用来访问表面BC浓度。这两个模型模拟的BC表面浓度与观测结果进行了比较，而AOD与戈达德化学气溶胶辐射和传输（GOCART）模型和卫星和地面模拟的结果进行了比较。结果表明，RegCCMS与WRF/Chem的年平均地面BC浓度模式和水平相似，RegCCMS BC的区域分布和月变化与观测结果吻合较好。AOD的模拟结果与卫星（Omi-0.25°）和AERONET模拟结果一致，但低于卫星模拟结果。年平均DRF主要分布在高BC负荷区，区域平均值为0.75 W m-2，预测全球平均值为0.343 W m-2。结果表明，与国内已有研究结果相比，区域柱负荷约为0.4 ~ 5倍，区域平均DRF约为2倍，全球平均DRF约为1.3-1.8倍，550 nm处的AOD约为3-4倍。BC的DRF增加意味着其变暖效应和气候响应应该更强，而总气溶胶的DRF应该更弱（负效应更小）。
In China, due to lack of countrywide monitoring and coarse emission inventory of black carbon (BC) in early years, there are large uncertainties as to the estimations of its loading, direct radiative forcing (DRF) and climate response. Here, we apply an up-to-date emission inventory of BC in 2006 to investigate its loading, optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm and DRF using the coupled Regional Climate Chemistry Modeling System (RegCCMS). A state of the art air quality model (WRF/Chem) is also used to access surface BC concentration. Simulated surface concentrations of BC from these two models were compared with observations, while the AOD was compared with the results both from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model and from satellite and ground-based simulations. Results show that RegCCMS presented similar patterns and levels of annual mean-surface BC concentration to those of WRF/Chem. The regional distributions and monthly variations of RegCCMS BC were reproduced well in comparison to observations. Simulated pattern of AODs are consistent to but lower than those from satellite (Omi-0.25°) and AERONET simulations. Annual mean DRFs mainly distribute in the area with high BC loadings, with regional mean of 0.75 W m–2and predicted global mean of 0.343 W m–2. In general, the results are about 0.4–5 times for regional column burden, about 2 times as high for regional mean DRFs, about 1.3–1.8 times for global mean DRFs and about 3–4 times for AOD at 550 nm as compared to those in previous studies in China. These increasing DRFs of BC imply that its warming effect and climate response should be stronger and the DRF of total aerosols should be weaker (less negative).