Turning Muller Glia into Neural Progenitors in the Retina
Turning Muller Glia into Neural Progenitors in the Retina
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DOI：
10.1007/s12035-010-8152-2
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发表时间：
2010-12-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Bongini, Rachel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fischer, Andy J.;Bongini, Rachel
刺激神经元再生是一种潜在的治疗视网膜视力疾病的策略。在某些类型的脊椎动物中，视网膜再生可以自发地发生，以有效地取代因急性损伤而丢失的神经元，从而恢复视觉功能。不同的物种有不同的视网膜再生机制和细胞来源，包括视网膜色素上皮、种植在视网膜上的祖细胞和Muller神经胶质细胞。本文简要综述了青蛙、鱼、雏鸟和啮齿动物视网膜再生的不同机制。这篇综述的大部分总结和讨论了最近关于穆勒神经胶质来源的前体细胞再生的发现，重点是在鸡视网膜上的发现。穆勒胶质细胞是视网膜固有的再生支持细胞的一个有希望的来源，重要证据表明这些胶质细胞可以被刺激在不同类别的脊椎动物中产生神经元。利用Muller神经胶质细胞的神经发生潜能的关键是确定能够使去分化、增殖和神经发生的分泌因子、信号通路和转录因子。我们回顾了关于丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和Noch信号在Muller胶质细胞来源的视网膜前体细胞增殖和生成中的作用的研究结果。
Stimulating neuronal regeneration is a potential strategy to treat sight-threatening diseases of the retina. In some classes of vertebrates, retinal regeneration occurs spontaneously to effectively replace neurons lost to acute damage in order to restore visual function. There are different mechanisms and cellular sources of retinal regeneration in different species, include the retinal pigmented epithelium, progenitors seeded across the retina, and the Muller glia. This review briefly summarizes the different mechanisms of retinal regeneration in frogs, fish, chicks, and rodents. The bulk of this review summarizes and discusses recent findings regarding regeneration from Muller glia-derived progenitors, with emphasis on findings in the chick retina. The Muller glia are a promising source of regeneration-supporting cells that are intrinsic to the retina and significant evidence indicated these glias can be stimulated to produce neurons in different classes of vertebrates. The key to harnessing the neurogenic potential of Muller glia is to identify the secreted factors, signaling pathways, and transcription factors that enable de-differentiation, proliferation, and neurogenesis. We review findings regarding the roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase and notch signaling in the proliferation and generation of Muller glia-derived retinal progenitors.