Pollination success in a deceptive orchid is enhanced by co-occurring rewarding magnet plants
Pollination success in a deceptive orchid is enhanced by co-occurring rewarding magnet plants
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DOI：
10.1890/02-0471
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Ågren, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnson, SD;Peter, CI;Ågren, J
人们一直在争论，是否授粉成功的非奖励植物，花与花蜜生产的植物将减少授粉者访问的竞争，或者，通过增加当地丰富的授粉者（磁铁种效应）。我们在瑞典的一个地点用无回报的熊蜂授粉的兰花Anacamptis morio和相关的产蜜植物进行了实验评估。在A.迁移到产蜜植物（Geum rivale和Allium schoenoprasum）斑块中的个体的morio显著大于放置在斑块外（类似于20 m远）的个体。这些结果支持了某些蜜源植物与A. Morio。为了确定这些相互作用的空间尺度，我们将访问率与A.在1-m（2）和100-m（2）的样地中，同域蜜源植物的密度以迁移植物群为中心，在整个草地的水平上（类似于0.5 -2公顷）。对A. morio与G. rivale和A.在100-m2样地内，蜜源植物的密度与蜜源植物的密度呈显著正相关。此外，还对A. morio与A. Schoenoprasum在草地的水平。选择实验表明，蜜蜂在紫芝花上觅食。schoenoprasum（一种特别有效的磁铁物种）访问A. morio更容易（47.6%的选择）比蜜蜂觅食的黄花百脉根（17%的选择）。花的颜色和形状的总体相似性可能会增加传粉者暂时从生产花蜜的“磁铁”植物转移到非奖励植物的可能性。我们讨论的可能性，模仿连续体之间的兰花，利用本能的觅食行为的传粉者和那些表现出适应性相似的花蜜生产植物。
It has been debated whether pollination success in nonrewarding plants that flower in association with nectar-producing plants will be diminished by competition for pollinator visits or, alternatively, enhanced through increased local abundance of pollinators (the magnet species effect). We experimentally evaluated these effects using the nonrewarding bumblebee-pollinated orchid Anacamptis morio and associated nectar-producing plants at a site in Sweden. Pollination success (estimated as pollen receipt and pollen removal) in A. morio was significantly greater for individuals translocated to patches of nectar-producing plants (Geum rivale and Allium schoenoprasum) than for individuals placed outside (similar to20 m away) such patches. These results provide support for the existence of a facilitative magnet species effect in the interaction between certain nectar plants and A. morio. To determine the spatial scale of these interactions, we correlated the visitation rate to flowers of A. morio with the density of sympatric nectar plants in 1-m(2) and 100-m(2) plots centered around groups of translocated plants, and at the level of whole meadows (similar to0.5-2 ha). Visitation rate to flowers of A. morio was not correlated with the 1-m(2) patch density of G. rivale and A. schoenoprasum, but showed a significant positive relationship with density of these nectar plants in 100-m(2) plots. In addition, visitation to flowers of A. morio was strongly and positively related to the density of A. schoenoprasum at the level of the meadow. Choice experiments showed that bees foraging on the purple flowers of A. schoenoprasum (a particularly effective magnet species) visit the purple flowers of A. morio more readily (47.6% of choices) than bees foraging on the yellow flowers of Lotus corniculatus (17% of choices). Overall similarity in flower color and shape may increase the probability that a pollinator will temporarily shift from a nectar-producing "magnet" plant to a nonrewarding plant. We discuss the possibility of a mimicry continuum between those orchids that exploit instinctive food-seeking behavior of pollinators and those that show an adaptive resemblance to nectar-producing plants.