Neurophysiology and Regulation of the Balance Between Excitation and Inhibition in Neocortical Circuits.
Neurophysiology and Regulation of the Balance Between Excitation and Inhibition in Neocortical Circuits.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.09.017
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发表时间：
2017-05-15
影响因子：
10.6
通讯作者：
Maffei A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tatti R;Haley MS;Swanson OK;Tselha T;Maffei A
大脑功能依赖于神经网络维持稳定活动水平的能力，而经历则塑造了它们。在新皮层中，活性和稳定性之间的平衡依赖于对主要神经元的兴奋性和抑制性输入的共同调节。兴奋或抑制的转移导致兴奋性改变，对输入信息的处理受损。在许多神经发育和神经精神疾病中，局部回路的兴奋性被改变，这表明它们的病理生理可能涉及突触兴奋、抑制或两者的变化。大多数研究集中在确定控制网络兴奋性的细胞和分子机制，以评估是否可能在动物疾病模型中发生改变。激励/抑制（E/I）平衡的变化对局部电路和网络计算的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们报告了健康皮层回路中兴奋性和抑制性输入整合的研究结果，并讨论了E/I平衡的变化如何与病理表型相关。
Brain function relies on the ability of neural networks to maintain stable levels of activity, while experiences sculpt them. In neocortex, the balance between activity and stability relies on the co-regulation of excitatory and inhibitory inputs onto principal neurons. Shifts of excitation or inhibition result in altered excitability impaired processing of incoming information. In many neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, the excitability of local circuits is altered, suggesting that their pathophysiology may involve shifts in synaptic excitation, inhibition or both. Most studies focused on identifying the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling network excitability to assess whether may be altered in animal models of disease. The impact of changes in excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance on local circuit and network computations is not clear. Here we report findings on the integration of excitatory and inhibitory inputs in healthy cortical circuits and discuss how shifts in E/I balance may relate to pathological phenotypes.