Can biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) genes from perennial Leymus racemosus (Triticeae) combat nitrification in wheat farming?
Can biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) genes from perennial Leymus racemosus (Triticeae) combat nitrification in wheat farming?
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DOI：
10.1007/s11104-007-9360-z
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发表时间：
2007-09
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
G. Subbarao;B. Tomohiro;K. Masahiro;Ito Osamu;H. Samejima;Huoyan Wang;Stuart J. Pearse;S. Gopalakrishnan;K. Nakahara;A. Hossain;H. Tsujimoto;W. Berry
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作者：
G. Subbarao;B. Tomohiro;K. Masahiro;Ito Osamu;H. Samejima;Huoyan Wang;Stuart J. Pearse;S. Gopalakrishnan;K. Nakahara;A. Hossain;H. Tsujimoto;W. Berry
利用重组荧光法定量测定欧洲亚硝基单胞菌的生物硝化抑制作用（BNI），发现小麦的野生近缘种Leymus racemosus(Lam；Tzvelev)具有较高的BNI容量，释放的BNI化合物（约30 ATU g−1根干重24 h−1）是小麦的20倍。(种植小麦)。栽培小麦根系分泌物施于土壤对硝化作用无抑制作用；然而，根从ml渗出。总状花序抑制形成，并保持超过90%的土壤无机氮的形式60天。l的高bni容量。总状胚病主要与lr# n染色体相关。另外两条染色体Lr#J和Lr#I也对BNI的产生有影响。宽容笔。总状瘤由染色体7Lr#1-1控制。BNI化合物的缓释仅发生在根环境中。考虑到BNI在DALr#n中表达的水平，并假设植物生长正常，我们估计在生长旺盛的小麦田里，BNI活性每- 1day - 1可以释放近87,500,000 ATU；这相当于使用52.5 g合成硝化抑制剂nitrapyrin的抑制效果（一个AT单位的BNI活性相当于0.6 μg的nitrapyrin）。在这种BNI生产速度下，使用BNI的小麦作物只需要19天就能产生标准商业应用硝基霉素（1 kg ha - 1）的抑制力。合成的硝化抑制剂双氰胺特异性阻断了氨单加氧酶（AMO）途径。总状菌素阻断亚硝基单胞菌的羟胺氧化还原酶途径。在此，我们报道了首次在谷类野生近缘种中发现高产BNI，并成功地在栽培小麦中引入和表达BNI。这些结果表明，具有高bni能力的新一代小麦品种具有控制小麦生产系统中硝化的潜力。
Using a recombinant luminescentNitrosomonas europaeaassay to quantify biological nitrification inhibition (BNI), we found that a wild relative of wheat (Leymus racemosus(Lam.) Tzvelev) had a high BNI capacity and releases about 20 times more BNI compounds (about 30 ATU g−1root dry weight 24 h−1) thanTriticum aestivumL. (cultivated wheat). The root exudate from cultivated wheat has no inhibitory effect on nitrification when applied to soil; however, the root exudate fromL. racemoussuppressedformation and kept more than 90% of the soil’s inorganic-N in the-form for 60 days. The high-BNI capacity ofL. racemosusis mostly associated with chromosome Lr#n. Two other chromosomes Lr#J, and Lr#I also have an influence on BNI production. Tolerance ofL. racemosustois controlled by chromosome 7Lr#1-1. Sustained release of BNI compounds occurred only in the presence ofin the root environment. Given the level of BNI production expressed in DALr#n and assuming normal plant growth, we estimated that nearly 87,500,000 ATU of BNI activity ha−1day−1could be released in a field of vigorously growing wheat; this amounts to the equivalent of the inhibitory effect from the application of 52.5 g of the synthetic nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin (one AT unit of BNI activity is equivalent to 0.6 μg of nitrapyrin). At this rate of BNI production it would take only 19 days for a BNI-enabled wheat crop to produce the inhibitory power of a standard commercial application of nitrapyrin, 1 kg ha−1. The synthetic nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, blocked specifically the AMO (ammonia monooxygenase) pathway, while the BNI fromL. racemosusblocked the HAO (hydroxylamine oxidoreductase) pathway inNitrosomonas. Here we report the first finding of high production of BNI in a wild relative of any cereal and its successful introduction and expression in cultivated wheat. These results demonstrate the potential for empowering the new generation of wheat cultivars with high-BNI capacity to control nitrification in wheat-production systems.