Regulation of ripening and opportunities for control in tomato and other fruits.
Regulation of ripening and opportunities for control in tomato and other fruits.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00738.x
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发表时间：
2013-04
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
G. Seymour;N. Chapman;B. L. Chew;J. Rose
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Seymour;N. Chapman;B. L. Chew;J. Rose
水果是健康饮食的重要组成部分。它们提供必需的维生素和矿物质，它们的消费与降低心脏病和某些癌症的风险有关。然而，这些重要的植物产品购买起来可能很昂贵，质量可能令人失望，并且通常保质期很短。肉质水果品种作物改良的一个主要挑战是增强其促进健康的属性，同时提高质量和减少采后浪费。为了实现这些目标，需要对果实发育和成熟过程有一个合理的机械理解。近年来，大量的见解已经进入乙烯生物合成，感知和信号传导的机制基础和成熟的主调节剂的身份，操作上游，或在演唱会与由这种植物激素介导的调节途径。然而，其他植物激素在成熟过程中的作用仍然难以捉摸，调节剂和下游过程之间的联系仍然知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们专注于番茄作为肉质水果的模型，并提供了一个概述的分子电路已知参与成熟，特别是那些控制色素积累和质地变化。然后，我们将讨论如何利用这些信息来了解其他肉质果实的成熟。比较基因组学和系统生物学方法的最新发展进行了讨论。表观遗传变化在产生有用的变异中的潜在作用被强调沿着提高对人类健康有有益影响的代谢物水平的机会。
Fruits are an important part of a healthy diet. They provide essential vitamins and minerals, and their consumption is associated with a reduced risk of heart disease and certain cancers. These important plant products can, however, be expensive to purchase, may be of disappointing quality and often have a short shelf life. A major challenge for crop improvement in fleshy fruit species is the enhancement of their health-promoting attributes while improving quality and reducing postharvest waste. To achieve these aims, a sound mechanistic understanding of the processes involved in fruit development and ripening is needed. In recent years, substantial insights have been made into the mechanistic basis of ethylene biosynthesis, perception and signalling and the identity of master regulators of ripening that operate upstream of, or in concert with a regulatory pathway mediated by this plant hormone. The role of other plant hormones in the ripening process has, however, remained elusive, and the links between regulators and downstream processes are still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on tomato as a model for fleshy fruit and provide an overview of the molecular circuits known to be involved in ripening, especially those controlling pigment accumulation and texture changes. We then discuss how this information can be used to understand ripening in other fleshy fruit-bearing species. Recent developments in comparative genomics and systems biology approaches are discussed. The potential role of epigenetic changes in generating useful variation is highlighted along with opportunities for enhancing the level of metabolites that have a beneficial effect on human health.