Flagella and Pili-Mediated Near-Surface Single-Cell Motility Mechanisms in P. aeruginosa
Flagella and Pili-Mediated Near-Surface Single-Cell Motility Mechanisms in P. aeruginosa
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bpj.2011.02.020
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发表时间：
2011-04-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Wong, Gerard C. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conrad, Jacinta C.;Gibiansky, Maxsim L.;Wong, Gerard C. L.
细菌生物膜是结构化的多细胞群落，导致广泛的感染。了解自由游动的细菌如何在表面附近适应其运动机制对于理解从浮游表型到生物膜表型的转变至关重要。通过将显微镜电影转化为可搜索的细菌行为数据库并开发基于图像的搜索引擎，我们能够确定铜绿假单胞菌表面运动的基本附属物特异性机制。 IV型药丸介导两种表面运动机制：水平定向爬行，细菌以高定向持久性纵向移动；垂直定向行走，细菌以低定向持久性和高瞬时速度移动，使其能够快速探索微环境。鞭毛介导两种额外的运动机制：近表面游泳和表面锚定旋转，这通常先于表面脱离。鞭毛和phi在发射序列中合作相互作用，细菌将方向从水平改变为垂直，然后分离。垂直方向有利于与表面分离，从而影响生物膜形态。
Bacterial biofilms are structured multicellular communities that are responsible for a broad range of infections. Knowing how free-swimming bacteria adapt their motility mechanisms near a surface is crucial for understanding the transition from the planktonic to the biofilm phenotype. By translating microscopy movies into searchable databases of bacterial behavior and developing image-based search engines, we were able to identify fundamental appendage-specific mechanisms for the surface motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Type IV pill mediate two surface motility mechanisms: horizontally oriented crawling, by which the bacterium moves lengthwise with high directional persistence, and vertically oriented walking, by which the bacterium moves with low directional persistence and high instantaneous velocity, allowing it to rapidly explore microenvironments. The flagellum mediates two additional motility mechanisms: near-surface swimming and surface-anchored spinning, which often precedes detachment from a surface. Flagella and phi interact cooperatively in a launch sequence whereby bacteria change orientation from horizontal to vertical and then detach. Vertical orientation facilitates detachment from surfaces and thereby influences biofilm morphology.