How Can We Study the Evolution of Animal Minds?
How Can We Study the Evolution of Animal Minds?
复制标题
我们如何研究动物思想的演变？
DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00358
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Chaine AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cauchoix M;Chaine AS
在过去的50年里，比较认知和神经科学提高了我们对动物思维的理解，而进化生态学则揭示了选择如何在进化过程中对性状起作用。我们描述了认知如何像任何其他生物特征一样受到自然选择的影响，以及这种进化方法如何用于理解动物认知的进化。我们叙述了如何比较和健身方法已被用来理解认知的演变，并概述了这些方法可以扩展我们的认知理解。特别是适应性方法，为研究物种内认知变化的进化机制提供了前所未有的机会，并使我们能够研究近端（即，神经的和发育的）和最终的（即，生态学和进化论）共同构成了动物认知的基础。我们强调最近的研究已经成功地表明，认知特征可以在选择下，特别是通过连接个人的认知差异，健身。为了弥合认知变异和健身结果之间的差距，并更好地理解为什么以及如何选择可以发生在认知上，我们结束了这篇评论，提出了一个更综合的方法来研究当代选择的认知特征相结合的社会生态数据，微创神经科学方法和测量生态相关的行为与健身。我们在这篇综述中的总体目标是在认知神经科学家和进化生物学家之间建立一座桥梁，说明他们的研究如何互补，并鼓励进化生态学家在他们的行为研究中明确关注认知过程。
During the last 50 years, comparative cognition and neurosciences have improved our understanding of animal minds while evolutionary ecology has revealed how selection acts on traits through evolutionary time. We describe how cognition can be subject to natural selection like any other biological trait and how this evolutionary approach can be used to understand the evolution of animal cognition. We recount how comparative and fitness methods have been used to understand the evolution of cognition and outline how these approaches could extend our understanding of cognition. The fitness approach, in particular, offers unprecedented opportunities to study the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for variation in cognition within species and could allow us to investigate both proximate (i.e., neural and developmental) and ultimate (i.e., ecological and evolutionary) underpinnings of animal cognition together. We highlight recent studies that have successfully shown that cognitive traits can be under selection, in particular by linking individual variation in cognition to fitness. To bridge the gap between cognitive variation and fitness consequences and to better understand why and how selection can occur on cognition, we end this review by proposing a more integrative approach to study contemporary selection on cognitive traits combining socio-ecological data, minimally invasive neuroscience methods and measurement of ecologically relevant behaviors linked to fitness. Our overall goal in this review is to build a bridge between cognitive neuroscientists and evolutionary biologists, illustrate how their research could be complementary, and encourage evolutionary ecologists to include explicit attention to cognitive processes in their studies of behavior.