Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food
Ghrelin mimics fasting to enhance human hedonic, orbitofrontal cortex, and hippocampal responses to food
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DOI：
10.3945/ajcn.113.075291
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发表时间：
2014-06-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Bell, Jimmy D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldstone, Anthony P.;Prechtl, Christina G.;Bell, Jimmy D.
背景资料：Ghrelin是一种胃源性激素，随着禁食和能量限制而增加，并可能通过大脑享乐奖励认知系统影响饮食行为。因此，血浆ghrelin的变化可能通过改变食物享乐性介导对负能量平衡的反调节反应。目的：研究ghrelin是否（外源性高ghrelin血症）模拟禁食的影响（内源性高ghrelin血症）对食物的享乐反应和大脑奖励系统的激活的影响。设计：在交叉设计中，22个健康的，非肥胖成年人（17名男性）在禁食16小时后接受了功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）食物图片评估任务（禁食-盐水）或在扫描前95分钟吃早餐（730千卡，14%蛋白质，31%脂肪和55%碳水化合物）并在扫描前接受盐水（Fed-Saline）或酰基Ghrelin（Fed-Ghrelin）皮下注射后。一名男性受试者被排除在功能磁共振成像分析，因为过多的头部运动，留下21名受试者的脑激活data.Results：与美联储盐水visit. Results相比，两个饥饿素管理美联储受试者（美联储饥饿素）和禁食（禁食盐水）显着增加了高能量食物和相关的眶额皮层激活的吸引力。禁食和ghrelin管理也增加了海马激活高能量和低能量食物的图片。内源性和外源性高生长激素血症的这些相似作用不能通过葡萄糖、胰岛素、肽YY和胰高血糖素样肽-1的一致变化来解释。无论是生长激素释放肽管理，也不禁食有任何显着的影响，在食物评价任务或听觉，运动，或视觉皮层激活在一个控制task.Conclusions：生长激素释放肽管理和禁食有类似的急性刺激作用，享乐反应和激活皮质边缘奖励认知系统在食物评价过程中的杏仁核，尾状核，前额叶，或激活。复发性或慢性高ghrelin血症对预期食物奖励的类似影响可能导致不吃早餐对饮食习惯和体重的负面影响，以及能量限制减肥的长期失败。
Background: Ghrelin, which is a stomach-derived hormone, increases with fasting and energy restriction and may influence eating behaviors through brain hedonic reward-cognitive systems. Therefore, changes in plasma ghrelin might mediate counter-regulatory responses to a negative energy balance through changes in food hedonics.Objective: We investigated whether ghrelin administration (exogenous hyperghrelinemia) mimics effects of fasting (endogenous hyperghrelinemia) on the hedonic response and activation of brain-reward systems to food.Design: In a crossover design, 22 healthy, nonobese adults (17 men) underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) food-picture evaluation task after a 16-h overnight fast (Fasted-Saline) or after eating breakfast 95 min before scanning (730 kcal, 14% protein, 31% fat, and 55% carbohydrate) and receiving a saline (Fed-Saline) or acyl ghrelin (Fed-Ghrelin) subcutaneous injection before scanning. One male subject was excluded from the fMRI analysis because of excess head motion, which left 21 subjects with brain-activation data.Results: Compared with the Fed-Saline visit, both ghrelin administration to fed subjects (Fed-Ghrelin) and fasting (Fasted-Saline) significantly increased the appeal of high-energy foods and associated orbitofrontal cortex activation. Both fasting and ghrelin administration also increased hippocampus activation to high-energy- and low-energy-food pictures. These similar effects of endogenous and exogenous hyperghrelinemia were not explicable by consistent changes in glucose, insulin, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide-1. Neither ghrelin administration nor fasting had any significant effect on nucleus accumbens, caudate, anterior insula, or amygdala activation during the food-evaluation task or on auditory, motor, or visual cortex activation during a control task.Conclusions: Ghrelin administration and fasting have similar acute stimulatory effects on hedonic responses and the activation of corticolimbic reward-cognitive systems during food evaluations. Similar effects of recurrent or chronic hyperghrelinemia on an anticipatory food reward may contribute to the negative impact of skipping breakfast on dietary habits and body weight and the long-term failure of energy restriction for weight loss.